For Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, AS+P completes the planning of the Ministry of Commerce and Investment (MCI). Detailed plans were completed in July 1937 and the first shell of the new chancellery was complete on 1 January 1938. This is an apolitical forum for discussions on the Axis nations and related topics hosted by the Axis History Factbook in cooperation with Christian Ankerstjernes Panzerworld and Christoph Awender's WW2 day by day. While dozens of submarines were built, few ever entered service. [26], Speer also sought to portray himself as an opponent of Hitler's leadership. Albert Speer, l'architetto prediletto da Hitler, venne accusato per la deportazione e lo sfruttamento dei civili europei. He was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, principally for the use of slave labor, narrowly avoiding a death sentence. If Speer, who had been so close to Hitler, had not known the full extent of the crimes of the Nazi regime and had just been "following orders", then they could tell themselves and others they too had done the same. The Israeli documentary "Speer Goes to Hollywood," directed by Vanessa Lapa, traces this attempted 1970s reinvention of Albert Speer, who served as Hitler's architect and was sentenced . Naval armaments were not under Speer's supervision until October 1943, nor the Luftwaffe's armaments until June of the following year. A lbert Speer was born in 1905 in Mannheim to an upper-middle-class family that had benefited from Germany's meteoric economic growth. Paradoxically, when Speer died in 1981, he was described by the New York Times as a . Speer studied at the technical schools in Karlsruhe, Munich, and Berlin, and acquired an architectural license in 1927. [66], As Minister of Armaments, Speer was responsible for supplying weapons to the army. . by PanzerKavallerie 27 Jul 2005, 07:49, Post The exterior walls survived, but they were eventually dismantled by the Soviets. [7], Speer began his architectural studies at the University of Karlsruhe instead of a more highly acclaimed institution because the hyperinflation crisis of 1923 limited his parents' income. [49] Martin Kitchen described Speer's often repeated line that he knew nothing of the "dreadful things" as hollowbecause not only was he fully aware of the fate of the Jews he was actively participating in their persecution. Victoria married. He assumed his German readers would not be so gullible and told them the Nazi Party offered a "new mission". The idea for this myth came to him after he recalled the panic when car fumes came through an air ventilation system. Die Zelle. His first draft was written from March 1953 to 26 December 1954. The large capital investment was not repaid in military effectiveness. The book was a worn, thick burgundy paperback, spine splintered in three parts, tiny print . Although survivor Francisco Boix testified at the Nuremberg trials about Speer's visit,[172] Taylor writes that, had the photo been available, he would have been hanged. One of Speer's grandfathers was among the most successful machine-tool manufacturers in Germany; the other was a well-known architect. Finally, in the summer of 1943, Speer released the 1200 metric tons of uranium stock for use in solid-core ammunition. His sentence of twenty years amounted to 7,305 days, which only allotted one and a half days per book. This miracle was brought to a halt in the summer of 1943 by, among other factors, the first sustained Allied bombing. Inside the Third Reich. Brother of Hermann Speer and Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer. [102][103] Hitler rejected Speer's proposal to cease demolitions. [131], Speer's supporters maintained calls for his release. Albert Speer ( 19. bezna 1905 Mannheim - 1. z 1981 Londn ), celm jmnem Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, byl hlavn architekt Adolfa Hitlera a pozdji ministr zbrojnho a vlenho prmyslu nacistickho Nmecka. His father, the son and grandson of architects, had joined the Nazi party in 1931 and soon . Summary: "Inside the Third Reich is a memoir written by Albert Speer, the Nazi Minister of Armaments from 1942 to 1945, serving as Adolf Hitler's main architect before this period. A dramatization of the life of Albert Speer (Rutger Hauer), Adolf Hitler's (Sir Derek Jacobi's) young architect and one-time confidant, and his meteoric rise into the Nazi hierarchy. [spouse (s) unknown] [children unknown] Died 1943 at about age 37 in Stalingrad, Russia. [5], Following his release from Spandau, Speer donated the Chronicle, his personal diary, to the German Federal Archives. Of the 60,000 people who ended up at the camp 20,000 died, due to the appalling conditions. [27], When Troost died on 21 January 1934, Speer effectively replaced him as the Party's chief architect. [164] Brechtken said that if his extensive involvement in the Holocaust had been known at the time of his trial he would have been sentenced to death. "[1]:498507, In a 23 August 1970 review published in The New York Times, John Toland wrote that the book "is not only the most significant personal German account to come out of the war but the most revealing document on the Hitler phenomenon yet written. It was only on the urgent advice of his publisher that he added a mention of seeing the ruins of the Central Synagogue in Berlin from his car. [31] Speer designed the German Pavilion for the 1937 international exposition in Paris. Speer (Albert Speer's brother) and his life. . Hitler appointed Speer as head of the Chief Office for Construction, which placed him nominally on Hess's staff. [77] By July 1943, he had gained control of armaments production for the Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine. After one of these briefings, Hitler invited Speer to lunch, to the architect's great excitement. The building was able to hold 340,000 people. During the winter of 194142, in the light of Germany's disastrous defeat in the Battle of Moscow, the German leadership including Friedrich Fromm, Georg Thomas and Fritz Todt had come to the conclusion that the war could not be won. As a Nazi Party member, she had greatly enjoyed dining with Hitler. body was never found or returned to the family and there are some Using misleading statistics, he promoted himself as having performed an armaments miracle that was widely credited with keeping Germany in the war. [1]:314320, Speer describes Wunderwaffen such as the Me 262 project, flying wing jet planes, a remote-controlled flying bomb, a rocket plane, a rocket missile based on infrared homing, designs for a four-motored jet bomber with the range to strike New York, and a torpedo based on sonar. Having served his full term, Speer was released in 1966. The SS called this "Professor Speer's Special Programme". Inside the Third Reich begins with an account of Speer's childhood, followed by a description of his role as Heinrich Tessenow's assistant at the Technical University of Berlin. In the World War II, Hitler appointed him as the Minister of Armaments and War Production for Germany. [177], The armaments "miracle" was a myth; Speer had used statistical manipulation to support his claims. On one such business trip, Speer's friend and close associate Hans Stephan unexpectedly found himself on the frontlines of war, an account he would later publish as Niederlndisches Tagebuch [Dutch Diary].The 38-year-old senior manager of GBI's planning department was on a multicity lecture tour to discuss "building in the new Germany and the redesign of the Reich capital." It began in 1932 but had not supplied any weaponry. Speer joined the National Socialist Party in January 1931; he wrote "I was not choosing the NSDAP, but becoming a follower of Hitler, whose magnetic force had reached out to me the first time I saw him and had not, thereafter, released me." by PanzerKavallerie 27 Jul 2005, 16:15, Post Gring was reluctant to grant this. [177] The rational position to adopt was to seek a political solution that would end the war without defeat. Under Sereny's relentless questioning, Speer explored the past, trying to discover the truth which he had unconsciously kept hidden even from himself. Many more buildings were planned. [21] As Chancellor, Hitler had a residence in the building and came by every day to be briefed by Speer and the building supervisor on the progress of the renovations. The second season of the PBS series looks at Hitler's planning and the battle that would ultimately cripple the Third Reich. [15] Instead, he revised his Spandau writings into two autobiographical books, Inside the Third Reich (in German, Erinnerungen, or Reminiscences[140]) and Spandau: The Secret Diaries. However, his other brother Ernst had died in the Battle of Stalingrad, despite repeated requests from his parents for Speer to repatriate him. Four years into their relationship, in September 1981, Speer died. It became instrumental in exploiting slave labor for the benefit of the German war effort. [65] Production of every type of weapon peaked in June and July 1944, but there was now a severe shortage of fuel. Despite his opposition to the 20 July plot, he falsely claimed in his memoirs to have been sympathetic to the plotters. [47] Speer denied he knew they were being put on Holocaust trains and claimed that those displaced were, "Completely free and their families were still in their apartments". Speer-Weber, Magarete, born 08-09-1905 in Heidelberg, lived there all her live, they also had a house near Hitler's Berghof on the Obersalzberg and was a girlfriend of Eva Braun (see Braun parents) and a regular visitor on the Berghof of Berchtesgaden. [97] However, he concluded that the war was lost after Soviet forces captured the important Silesian industrial region later that month. [58] Characteristically Hitler did not give Speer any clear remit; he was left to fight his contemporaries in the regime for power and control. [6] He followed in the footsteps of his father and grandfather and studied architecture. Entrance to Spandau Prison, 1951. [69], As head of Organisation Todt, Speer was directly involved in the construction and alteration of concentration camps. Albert Speer was a young architect initially seduced by the speeches and rhetoric of Hitler. [171] Brechtken said Speer only admitted to a generalized responsibility for the Holocaust to hide his direct and actual responsibility. He admitted only to being uncomfortable around Jews in the published version of the Spandau Diaries. Prisoners worked for Junkers, Messerschmitt, Henschel and BMW, among others. FRANKFURT Albert Speer Jr., an internationally prominent architect who sought throughout his life to distance himself from the dark legacy of his father, a member of Adolf . [34] Hitler ordered Speer to develop plans to rebuild Berlin. Speer was able to have his writings sent to Wolters, however, and they eventually amounted to 20,000 pages. [60] Speer set out to gain control not just of armaments production in the army, but in the whole armed forces. First published in 1969, it appeared in English translation in 1970. [44] The chancellery was completed in early January 1939. This is followed by an epilogue dealing with the end of the war in Europe and the resulting Nuremberg trials, in which Speer was sentenced to a 20-year prison term for his actions during the war. Inside the Third Reich (German: Erinnerungen, "Memories") is a memoir written by Albert Speer, the Nazi Minister of Armaments from 1942 to 1945, serving as Adolf Hitler's main architect before this period. Albert Speer was a German architect who is known in the history as 'the man who built Nazi Germany' and also 'the Nazi who said sorry' for accepting moral responsibility of the atrocities his Nazi party committed. At the southern end of the avenue, a great triumphal arch, almost 400 feet (120m) high and able to fit the Arc de Triomphe inside its opening, was planned. [132] Willy Brandt was an advocate of his release,[133] putting an end to the de-Nazification proceedings against him,[134] which could have caused his property to be confiscated. happened. Speer was formally arrested on May 23rd. [151] His daughter, Margret Nissen, wrote in her 2005 memoirs that after his release from Spandau he spent all of his time constructing the "Speer Myth". [120], On 18 July 1947, Speer was transferred to Spandau Prison in Berlin to serve his prison term. Though stockpiling of materials and other work continued, this slowed to a halt as more resources were needed for the armament industry. [42] Shortages of labor meant the construction workers had to work in ten-to-twelve-hour shifts. [26], The image of the good Nazi was supported by numerous Speer myths. [153] He was well-educated, middle class, and bourgeois, and could contrast himself with those who, in the popular mind, typified "bad Nazis". Sauckel had whole villages in France, Holland and Belgium forcibly rounded up and shipped to Speer's factories. He has risen to the top of the . Two senior servants of the Third Reich, Albert Speer, Hitler's Armaments Minister, and Baldur von Schirach, former leader of the Hitler Youth and Gauleiter of Vienna, were released at midnight. [95], Losses of territory and a dramatic expansion of the Allied strategic bombing campaign caused the collapse of the German economy from late 1944. Secured early release from prison, became a media celebrity and successfully cultivated the "clean Speer" myth. Among those who pledged support for his sentence to be commuted were Charles de Gaulle and US diplomat George Wildman Ball. He agreed to expand Auschwitz and some other camps, allocating 13.7 million Reichsmarks for the work to be carried out. Want to Read. [5] Wolters and longtime Speer secretary Annemarie Kempf, while not permitted direct communication with Speer in Spandau, did what they could to help his family and carry out the requests Speer put in letters to his wifethe only written communication he was officially allowed. The complicated architecture of Albert Speer, Jr. From being the son of a Nazi to becoming one of the world's foremost architects, this 82-year-old urban planner has been on top of the German planning world for more than half a century. Study now. [82] In mid-January 1944, Speer had a lung embolism and fell seriously ill. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (German: [pe] ( listen); March 19, 1905 - September 1, 1981) was a German architect who was, for a part of World War II, Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Third Reich. The battle is infamous as one of the largest . "[142] He supported Hermann, his brother, financially after the war. [23][24], In the English version of his memoirs, Speer says that his political commitment merely consisted of paying his "monthly dues". [155] Speer was photographed with slave laborers at Mauthausen concentration camp during a visit on 31 March 1943; he also visited Gusen concentration camp. Albert was active in sports, taking up skiing and mountaineering. by Durand 27 Jul 2005, 14:18, Post Albert Einstein lived in the USA, so was not where the holocaust I presumably had a sense of somber events. At the end of 1933, he contracted Paul Troost to renovate the entire building. Despite this opposition, the two married in Berlin on 28 August 1928; seven years elapsed before Margarete was invited to stay at her in-laws' home. [162], After Speer's death, Matthias Schmidt published a book that demonstrated that Speer had ordered the eviction of Jews from their Berlin homes. In 1937, Hitler appointed Speer as General Building Inspector for Berlin. He took a role in that short-lived regime as Minister of Industry and Production. In 1918, moved to Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg, Heidelberg, Germany. [55] On 8 February 1942, Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions Fritz Todt died in a plane crash shortly after taking off from Hitler's eastern headquarters at Rastenburg. Speer was to be replaced by his subordinate, Karl-Otto Saur. [62], Speer was fted at the time, and in the post-war era, for performing an "armaments miracle" in which German war production dramatically increased. This allowed an extra 300 huts to be built at Auschwitz, increasing the total human capacity to 132,000. [38] The outbreak of World War II in 1939 led to the postponement, and later the abandonment, of these plans. Yet development and production would take at least two years. [63] Other factors probably contributed to the increase more than Speer himself. [178] The production of armaments did go up; however, this was due to the normal causes of reorganization before Speer came to office, the relentless mobilization of slave labor and a deliberate reduction in the quality of output to favor quantity. He goes on to say that at the Nuremberg Trial he stated he "had to share the total responsibility for all that had happened", and that he "was inescapably contaminated morally". [33] He was to report directly to Hitler, and was independent of both the mayor and the Gauleiter of Berlin. [29] Speer insisted that as many events as possible be held at night, both to give greater prominence to his lighting effects and to hide the overweight Nazis. [123], In 1949, Wolters opened a bank account for Speer and began fundraising among those architects and industrialists who had benefited from Speer's activities during the war. This carried with it the rank of State Secretary in the Reich government and gave him extraordinary powers over the Berlin city government. [36] At the northern end of the boulevard, Speer planned to build the Volkshalle, a huge domed assembly hall over 700 feet (210m) high, with floor space for 180,000 people. Em 1946, ele foi julgado em Nuremberga e sentenciado a 20 anos de priso por sua participao no regime nazista, principalmente pelo uso de trabalho escravo nos campos de concentrao. sent during this battle. - Han var ikke sdan en morfar, man sad p skdet af, og . the atmosphere was said the best ever it was actually worded they The task force was established by 1 March 1944, orders of Speer, with support from Erhard Milch of the Reich Aviation Ministry. Men da Moritz Schramm var barn, var det et andet blik, han havde p morfaren. Fun facts: before fame, family life, popularity rankings, and more. Trevor-Roper who calls Speer an administrative genius whose basic instincts were peaceful and constructive does take Speer to task, however, for his failure to recognize the immorality of Hitler and Nazism, calling him "the real criminal of Nazi Germany":[161], For ten years he sat at the very centre of political power; his keen intelligence diagnosed the nature and observed the mutations of Nazi government and policy; he saw and despised the personalities around him; he heard their outrageous orders and understood their fantastic ambitions; but he did nothing. (Black and white photographs from Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth by Gitta Sereny, published by Picador) To date, the foundation has given more than 500,000 in grants to more than 100 Jewish women for projects. By Dorothy . Speer's illness coincided with the Allied "Big Week", a series of bombing raids on the German aircraft factories that were a devastating blow to aircraft production. He studied under Bestelmeyer, Billing, and Tessenow, and rose to prominence on the death of Troost, becoming Adolf Hitler's (1889-1945) friend, confidant, and architect from 1934.His interest in archaeology led him to evolve a style of architecture that would be as expressive as anything left by Ancient Rome, and his . I myself must carry this out. This led to a significant German Army failure at the Battle of Prokhorovka, a major turning point on the Eastern Front against the Soviet Red Army. An upcoming BBC documentary is set to highlight the remarkable story of Albert Goering the brother of Nazi minister and air force chief Hermann Goering who is said to have saved hundreds of. like so many other Germans his body was never found or returned to . In the aftermath of the Night of the Long Knives, he had been commissioned to renovate the Borsig Palace on the corner of Vostrae and Wilhelmstrae as headquarters of the Sturmabteilung (SA). He later published a work about Himmler and the SS which has been published in English as The Slave State: Heinrich Himmler's Masterplan for SS Supremacy or Infiltration: How Heinrich Himmler Schemed to Build an SS Industrial Empire (in German, Der Sklavenstaat - Meine Auseinandersetzung mit der SS). He suffered a stroke and died in London on 1 September. Albert Speer's account of all his experiences during the war was to me, totally fascinating. Albert Speer (n.Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, 19 martie 1905 d. 1 septembrie 1981) a fost un arhitect german care a fost, pentru o parte din al Doilea Rzboi Mondial, ministrul al narmrii i produciei de rzboi pentru al Treilea Reich.Speer a fost arhitectul preferat al lui Adolf Hitler, nainte de a ocupa posturi ministeriale.i-a asumat responsabilitatea pentru crimele . [12] In Munich Speer began a close friendship, ultimately spanning over 50 years, with Rudolf Wolters, who also studied under Tessenow. The family learned of this through some letters Ernst sent. Which he succeeded in doing, with or without Hitler. Profile manager: Gordon Becker [ send private message ] [43], During the Chancellery project, the pogrom of Kristallnacht took place. Born 1906 [location unknown] Ancestors. There's a small road going to the right. One thing that happened in early 1840 of Victoria time was that by. It was to prevent harming his son's budding career that Speer came to not re-enter architecture upon his 1966 release. After he failed to do so, his father gave him a part-time job as manager of his properties. [68] Hitler was closely involved with the design of the tanks, but kept changing his mind about the specifications. [76], Following his appointment as Minister of Armaments, Speer was in control of armaments production solely for the Army. [40] Speer was involved virtually from the beginning. Speer provided Hitler with a memorandum on 15 March, which detailed Germany's dire economic situation and sought approval to cease demolitions of infrastructure. "[2] A review by Kirkus Reviews on 27 August 1970 stated, "Speer's portrayals of the Nazi leadership, of the constant intrigues and rivalries among Hitler's entourage, and of Hitler himself, his histrionic virulence, his banality, and his peculiar magic, are engrossing and revealing. Minister for Armaments. Oil production became so low that any possibility of offensive action became impossible and weaponry lay idle. The journalist had unwittingly collaborated in one of his myths. [166] Another myth centered around a faked plan to assassinate Hitler with poisonous gas. Albert Speer, Hitler's architect, who became Minister of Armaments and War Production in World War II, died today at St. Mary's Hospital. Nazi armaments minister Albert Speer's younger brother Ernst was trapped in the Kessel, lying in a freezing stable without walls, gravely ill with jaundice. This formed a key element of the myths Speer encouraged. Nobody else in Hitler's circle, not even Josef Goebbels, was shown such favoritism. [80], In December 1943, Speer visited Organisation Todt workers in Lapland, while there he seriously damaged his knee and was incapacitated for several months. The relationship was frowned upon by Speer's class-conscious mother, who felt the Webers were socially inferior. [88] The SS provided 64,000 prisoners for 20 separate projects from various concentration camps including Mittelbau-Dora. Beginning in 1948, Speer had the services of Toni Proost, a sympathetic Dutch orderly to smuggle mail and his writings. [155] Speer even invented his own birth's circumstances, stating falsely that he was born at midday amid crashes of thunder and bells of the nearby Christ Church, whereas it was between three and five o'clock, and the church was built only some years after. In June 1936 he charged a personal honorarium of 30,000 Reichsmark and estimated the chancellery would be completed within three to four years. Speer states he became hopeful when Hitler explained how communism could be checked and Germany could recover economically. She was a kind and simple lady, living for her children. He maintained Hitler was cool towards him for the remainder of his life after learning they had included him on a list of potential ministers. This criticism is mainly presented by the documentary film "Speer Goes to Hollywood" by the director Vanessa Lapa. [182], During the war, the Speer-designed Reich Chancellery was largely destroyed by air raids and in the Battle of Berlin. Hitler appointed Speer, whose work for Goebbels had impressed him, to manage the building site for Troost. After August 1944, oil from the Romanian fields was no longer available. Albert Speer was a German architect famous for his time in the Nazi Party and for his close friendship with Adolf Hitler. , man sad p skdet af, og action became impossible and weaponry idle! Panic when car fumes came through an air ventilation system generalized responsibility for the armament.... Rounded up and shipped to Speer 's supporters maintained calls for his close with. Brother of Hermann Speer and Berthold Konrad Hermann albert Speer 's class-conscious mother, felt! Destroyed by air raids and in the Nazi Party and for his release from,! The 60,000 people who ended up at the camp 20,000 died, due the! That by new York Times as a Nazi Party offered a `` new mission '' paradoxically, when Troost on! 1981, he concluded that the war, the armaments `` miracle '' a... 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