chiggers range mapchiggers range map

Left Controlling chigger populations by spraying infested areas has limited effectiveness and gives temporary control of only a few days or weeks, depending on environmental conditions. of an inch! Is Scabies An STD? Chiggers live in tall weeds and grasses, blackberry thickets and wooded areas. And though it may not seem like it, chiggers really arent all that interested in feasting on humans. Everything You Need To Know! Chigger bites sometimes have a tiny red dot at the center, which is the remains of a scablike tube your body formed in response to the chigger's irritating saliva. It may stop where the underwear meets the legs. Scratching of the wound can lead to infection which will extend the pain and sadness associated with chiggers bites. Eggs hatch into chiggers that are only about 1/150 inch in diameter. 0000061664 00000 n Humans are an accidental host. 0000009447 00000 n Chiggers do not suck blood at all. Chigger bites can happen in the following areas of the human body: Chigger bites commonly occur in the summer and fall months. HV]oH|WINals2~g)U]U]Z>-?- Parasites harm but do not kill their hosts. NE If you want to avoid chiggers, it is best to avoid hiking on overgrown trails, or spending a lot of time in overgrown grassy areas. Chigger mites are small (1/20 to 1/64 inch long), orange, yellow or light red (usually bright red), and have hairy bodies. These relatives of ticks are nearly microscopic, measuring 0.4mm (0.01in) and have a chrome-orange hue. Their presence is best known, instead, by the intensely itchy welts they leave behind, usually where your skin is thin and tender (ankles, backs of knees, about the crotch, under the beltline, and in the armpits) and where tight clothing proves an obstacle to them (as where a belt or elastic band limits their wanderings). Open Mon-Fri: 8A-5P Chiggers feed by sucking up the liquefied tissues. Chiggers spread scrub typhus, fleas spread murine typhus, and body lice spread epidemic typhus. After a blood meal, chiggers look yellowish. How Can I Test Myself For Scabies? Allen Smith Chiggers are found worldwide. Chiggers eat different foods at their different life stages. Chiggers are most likely to bite in skin folds like armpits, ankles, crotch, or behind the knees. Can Flea Bites Make You Sick For Long? Humans are accidental hosts. Figure 1Two enlarged views of the chigger.A. ALLRIGHTSRESERVED. Chiggers (Figure 1), or "red bugs", are the larvae of mites belonging to the family Trombiculidae. When chiggers hatch from eggs (hatchling), the bugs feed on the skin tissue of a host (human or creature) prior to tumbling off and transforming into a grown-up bug. (3 Pages). 0000061875 00000 n can be taken orally to relive symptoms. Next, slather on some antiseptic . The digestive enzymes in the saliva dissolve skin cells which the chigger consumes. Antihistamines like Benadryl Do not scratch! If you are going into areas suspected of being infested with chiggers, wear protective clothing and use repellents containing DEET (N.N-dimethyl-3-benzamide). Al hacer clic en el enlace de traduccin se activa un servicio de traduccin gratuito para convertir la pgina al espaol. Also, you should wear trousers and tuck the ends of them into your socks. Chiggers are the larva form of mites. Active in the spring, summer and fall, they love warm temps. (3 Diseases Transmitted By Fleas). Chigger bites are small red welts that form on your skin. their saliva into the opening. Chiggers prefer to attach on parts of the body where clothing fits tightly or where the flesh is thin, tender, or wrinkled. The chiggers compound causes tingling that is exceptionally extreme for the initial 24-48 hours before leisurely disappearing throughout the following fourteen days. Help improve lives, communities and economies throughout the state. How Do Bed Bugs Reproduce? This course is designed to assist pest management companies in training new employees. Size Diameter (larvae): less than 1/150 inch; adults: about 1/60 inch. The site navigation utilizes arrow, enter, escape, and space bar key commands. The fluid that oozes from the wound solidifies into a hard "cap." Get Your Quote. Can Mosquitoes Bite Through Clothes? 9 Effective Home Remedies For Flea Bites That You Must Try! Al igual que con cualquier traduccin por Internet, la conversin no es sensible al contexto y puede que no traduzca el texto en su significado original. Symptoms appear a few hours after the bite, so as soon as you start itching, try to get rid of them as quickly as possible to keep from getting more bites. How Do You Get Scabies? 0000013420 00000 n Lincoln, When chiggers attach to humans, they are not usually noticed for some time. 0000014305 00000 n 0000003879 00000 n Hansell F. Cross, Georgia State University, Bugwood.org. If exposure is suspected, an immediate hot shower is suggested. Ground temperatures need to range from 77 to 86 degrees for the insects to be active while temperatures colder than 42 degrees If you are walking on long grass, you should wear tall boots. In their larval stage, they attach to various animals, including humans, and feed on skin, often causing itching and trombiculosis.These relatives of ticks are nearly microscopic, measuring 0.4 mm (0.01 in) and have a chrome-orange hue. The nymph, like the adult mite, has eight legs. Science seldom turns its. Rodents, birds, livestock, snakes, toads and other animals serve as natural hosts. Only the larval form of the mite bites humans. Within this part of the country, you are most likely to encounter chiggers in areas dense with overgrown grass or weeds, and low-lying moist areas such as riverbanks or the edges of lakes or ponds. They generally feed on human skin but will feed on any other creature that may wander near them. Chiggers live outside in cracks in the soil, generally in damp rural areas with tall grass and vegetation overgrowth. In humans, chiggers can cause intense itching and small reddish welts on the skin. Chiggers that attach to humans are usually dislodged or . They are very closely related to ticks and spiders. How Can I Test Myself For Scabies? fall. Chiggers in North What Are Sand Flea Bites and How to Get Rid of It? 25 0 obj <> endobj Avoid spraying children under 2 years of age. Mowing lawns and removing unnecessary shrubs or weeds will decrease suitable chigger habitats and is the most effective form of area control. and found most often in temperate woodlands, fields and low lying moist places, though they can also occur in drier places like lawns or In some cases, fencing may be an option. They do not actually "bite", but instead form a hole in the skin called a stylostome, and chew up tiny parts of the inner skin, thus causing severe irritation and swelling. Enter your email address to receive updates. untreated, chiggers will feed on liquefied skin cells for days or weeks. GetItOn Evaluation Exactly What Do We Understand About It? GetItOn Evaluation Exactly What Do We Understand About It? P. G. Koehler, F. M. Oi, and A. Chaskopoulou, This fact sheet is excerpted from SP486: Pests in and around the Southern Home, which is available from the UF/IFAS Extension Bookstore. Back to Texas A&M Agrilife Extension Service Home, Texas Private Pesticide Applicator Training, 20 Hour Structural Pest Control Apprentice Training Course, Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Lab. The best defense against chiggers is to avoid them. Prepare to take the Private Pesticide Applicator Exam administered by the Texas Department of Agriculture with this course designed for pesticide applicators in Texas. It is the larval stage that is parasitic. If you don't get rid of the chiggers, they will stay in your skin for up to a week before dropping off. [citation needed]. Do not scratch or the infection will become serious. Permanone, also sold as Coulston's Permethrin Tick Repellent, contains the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin and should be sprayed on clothing and allowed to dry before the clothing is worn. Long pants and long-sleeved shirts are recommended to minimize the possibility of Feeding will continue for three or four days if left undisturbed. Be informed and aware of how you can avoid future bouts of trombiculosis. Within a few hours, tissue around the feeding area solidifies into a hardened tube, called a stylostome. Instead, they eat liquefied skin cells. Chiggers in Bed Can Chiggers live in your bed? Do Bed Bugs Bite Cats? If you decide to treat, a single application during late-April through mid-June is best. Eutrombicula), Trombiculidae (chiggers), in the order Actinedida, in the class Arachnida. Chiggers are a type of bug and are in direct relation to insects and ticks. 0000000016 00000 n When hiking, stay in the middle of the trail and refrain from sitting on fallen logs. Species in the genus Trombicula are found throughout the world. A chigger is the parasitic larval stage of a common mite in the genus Trombicula. Often scratching at the welt results in secondary infection. More than one chigger can attach and many times welts will show up in clusters. being bitten. Theyre tiny. at Missouri Department of Conservation, Iowa State University Department of Entomology Insect Information Note, Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet, Entomology, Chiggers, HYG-2100-98, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trombicula&oldid=1137895917, This page was last edited on 7 February 2023, at 00:03. Most bites occur around the ankles, crotch, In their larval stage, they attach to various animals, including humans, and feed on skin, often causing itching and trombiculosis. Can Chiggers spread Are Chiggers contagious? Suppose the bites are in small tight clusters where the chiggers have been. These infestations can be controlled with either surface or crack-and-crevice treatments of insecticides or space sprays. Chiggers are the larval form of mites. Because chiggers are the larva form of mites, they dont just feed on the skin but instead feed on the flesh of their host. Does Raid Kill Bed Bugs? For this reason, chiggers locate in such areas as the ankles, waistline, knees, or armpits. Keep yourself well covered when walking in thick vegetation. This is the easiest way to tell the difference between chiggers and adult mites. Por favor, tenga en cuenta que algunas aplicaciones y/o servicios pueden no funcionar como se espera cuando se traducen. Clicking on the translation link activates a free translation service to convert the page to Spanish. In Texas, you can find chiggers mainly in the season of late spring and early summer. Suppose you shower and scrub your skin it will scrub the chiggers right off of you. How Do Bed Bugs Reproduce? These common mites cause most of the itchy, summertime bites that occur after walking outdoors through grassy or brushy areas. Scrub-itch mite (, Learn how and when to remove this template message, http://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1102956, "Chiggers!" Instant relief from the pain & itch of bee stings. Use our feedback form for questions or comments about this publication. Cooperative Extension, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. Forestry Hall The only thing you have to worry about is the same thing you have to worry about with any insect bites. How To Stop Bed Bug Bites From Itching? - Everything You Need To Know, Where Do Chiggers Live? groin, armpits and behind the knees. They dont go very far, though, so the bites are really close together. Chiggers don't drink blood. (Optional) After a blood meal, chiggers look yellowish. Six legs as a larva or eight legs as an adult. What separates NC State University from other schools? Do Bed Bugs Bite Cats? Chiggers or red bugs are the tiny (1/120 - 1/150 inch) larvae of mites in the genus Eutrombicula. However, no matter how tiny they look, they prove quite dangerous and damaging to human skin. Avoid their habitat areas, especially after noon. The larvae seek a suitable host and begin feeding. How To Get Rid Of A Heavy Roach Infestation At Home? Apply these chemicals as directed on the label, and avoid getting insecticides into ponds and streams. Read our Commitment to Diversity | Read our Privacy Statement. The larval stage has three pairs of legs, the nymph and adult four pairs. Taking an oatmeal bath with colloidal oatmeal, which is crushed oat grain. The human immune reaction to a bite prevents the chigger from obtaining adequate nourishment. You will need a hand lens or microscope to see them well. What Are Sand Flea Bites and How to Get Rid of It? The bath will kill attached chiggers and others that are not attached. endstream endobj 26 0 obj <>/Metadata 23 0 R/AcroForm 27 0 R/Pages 22 0 R/StructTreeRoot 21 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 27 0 obj <>/Encoding<>>>>> endobj 28 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 29 0 obj <> endobj 30 0 obj <> endobj 31 0 obj <> endobj 32 0 obj <>stream 903-297-5094, Nebraska Forest Service Have you or your loved ones faced acute resh itching rashes and do not even know the source of such allergies? (828) 764-9480 Chiggers crawl about on vegetation, waiting to attach to a host. What made it so helpful? In this article, we have listed some of the important symptoms and causes of chigger bites. The term chigger is a common name used to describe the larval stage of mites that are parasitic on warm-blooded animals, including people. For other uses, see, Old JM, Lowry J, Young LJ (2009). Chiggers are most likely to bite in skin folds like armpits, ankles, crotch, or behind the knees. 7 Effective Home Remedies To Kill Bed Bugs Instantly. 0000003679 00000 n Chiggers are everywhere across the globe where there is a warm to hot climate. 4 Effective Home Remedies For Chiggers on Dogs! They will appear as tiny yellow or pink dots moving across cardboard. They live in low, damp areas within forests and grasslands, as well as in drier environments places where vegetation is low-growing but profuse, such as lawns, golf courses and parks. You can start by wearing long pants, and high socks, and dont wear open-toe shoes. Instead, they pierce the skin with their mouthparts and inject a digestive enzyme. But people who have to walk in the infected areas should use bug sprays containing DEET. Antiseptics should be used and anti-itch products are also helpful. These are the most common ways to treat chigger bites you must follow in case of a real bite. They are most numerous in early summer when grass, weeds and other vegetation are most prevalent. In Texas, the term "chigger" commonly is used to describe the parasitic larval stage of mites in the genus Eutrombicula. It is the larva of the chigger that bites humans. Suitable hosts range from small mammals to birds, reptiles, and amphibians. Remove clothing as soon as possible after exposure to chigger habitats, and launder it before wearing it again. Trombiculosis is a rash or infestation caused by trombiculid mites, more commonly knownas chiggers. They are distributed worldwide and found most often in temperate woodlands, fields and low lying moist places, though they can also occur in drier places like lawns or golf courses. 2023 Texas A&M AgriLife. Use water and soap to clean the area regularly. Everything You Need To Know, Get rid of Chiggers with these 12 effective and tested ways. The use of insect repellents can help prevent chigger bites. MAILING ADDRESS: The dead skin cells structure a small straw (stylostome) for the chigger to drink your skin tissue. bite may form a reddened pustule or blister. They are rarely found in far northern areas, high mountains or deserts. Typhus fevers include scrub typhus, murine typhus, and epidemic typhus. (Symptoms & Diagnosis), Highly Suggested Chigger Relief Products on Amazon. 0000004843 00000 n Chiggers do not burrow into the skin or suck blood. If itching has already started, however, it is probably too late for bathing to do much good. They are distributed worldwide xref Hope you this article gives you proper knowledge about chigger bites. Red pimple-like bumps or hives. The six-legged parasitic larva feeds on a large variety of creatures, including humans, rabbits, wallabies,[2] toads, box turtles, quail, and even some insects. You can also get relief if you take antihistamine pills or use a cold . Two to three generations of chiggers are produced each year in Missouri, so the threat of being attacked exists from May until the first killing frost. Keep insecticides in original containers, complete with labels, and keep them out of the reach of children and pets. typhus. (syn. The eggs hatch into the prelarva, which is inactive and does not feed. Ten Itching from chigger bites is usually noticed four to eight hours after chiggers have attached or have been accidentally removed. Chiggers are the larval stage of a mite in the family Trombiculidae. Symptoms & Prevention, Do Mosquitoes Die After They Bite You? N.C. NC State Extension does not guarantee the accuracy of the translated text. How To Get Rid Of A Heavy Roach Infestation At Home? According to. They easily spread from one person to another. Do not allow children or pets near treated areas before these areas dry. How To Kill A Roach Permanently? (In France, for example, they are called aotat, after aot, August; vendangeon, after vendange, harvest; or rouget, after rouge, red.) The severe itching is accompanied by red pimple-like bumps (papules) or hives and skin rash or lesions on a sun-exposed area. What Do Roach Eggs Look Like And How To Deal With Them? A common species of harvest mite in North America is Trombicula alfreddugesi. The site may not look or function as expected. These habitats include overgrown fields, wooded areas, or ground with moist soil near bodies of water. Chiggers are often confused. Early summer is prime time for chiggers as vegetation is heaviest. People mistakenly believe that chiggers embed themselves in the skin or that the welts contain chiggers. 0000010244 00000 n The tiny red larvae are nearly microscopic. By educating yourself about ways to avoid being bitten, and the best ways to treat their bites, you can sidestep and survive Missouri's chiggers. Meet the chigger: a tiny eight-legged mite that will quietly attach itself to your skin and cause misery for up to three weeks. Cooperative Extension. Is There A Specific Season? Viewed around the world, chiggers live outside on plants in lush or verdant regions, commonly around water. Chiggers are attracted to areas of the body where clothing fits tightly over the skin or where the skin is delicate. The chigger remains attached to the stylostome and sucks up liquefied tissue like a person drinking through a straw. The larvae congregate in groups on small clods of soil, in matted vegetation, and even on low bushes and plants, where they have more access to prospective hosts. The largest ones go nearly 1/60 5 Effective Steps To Get Rid Of Scabies On Mattress! dig the chiggers out of their skin. Chiggers dont carry diseases, unlike their relative, the tick. (5 Effective Ways To Avoid Them!). Itching usually occurs several hours after the chiggers attach to the skin. %PDF-1.6 % These common mites cause most of the itchy, summertime bites that occur after walking outdoors through grassy or brushy areas. 0000005896 00000 n Top-notch Singles vs. NC State University and N.C. A&T State University work in tandem, along with federal, state and local governments, to form a strategic partnership called N.C. Using products such as clear nail polish to smother the mites dont work. Burke County Center Working hand-in-hand with our partners at N.C. A&T and 101 local governments, we conduct groundbreaking research that addresses real-world issues in communities across the state. Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps. Repellents should be applied to the legs, ankles, cuffs, waist, and sleeves of clothing or directly to the body as directed by the label. Rinse and repeat. The larvae suck fluids from the skin of the host animal and do not burrow under the skin. Visit the EDIS website at https://edis.ifas.ufl.edufor the currently supported version of this publication. Chiggers are the juvenile form of a species of mite that belongs to the Trombiculidae family. In more temperate regions, they are found only in summer. Chiggers most frequently attach themselves at hair follicles in areas where clothing is tight-fitting such as the ankles, waist, and armpits. Treating the entire lawn is of little benefit because chiggers avoid direct sunlight and normally will not infest areas that are mowed or otherwise well maintained. species are known to bite humans in the United States. So, one has to keep those areas clean to avoid any chigger bites. If youre hiking, your perfect bet to avoid getting chigger bites would be using a bite relief stick and avoiding wandering off hiking trails. They feed by injecting saliva that dissolves. Their distribution within an area is patchy. Diagnosis and Testing (5 Signs Of Fleas). To the extent there is any conflict between the English text and the translation, English controls. And they create a tremendous amount of itching. ), this is not true. Where Do Chiggers Live? golf courses. Tucking pant legs into tall socks or boots will eliminate the exposed skin that the larvae seek. Can You Get Scabies From A Dog That Is Infected? 0000006949 00000 n Frequent mowing of lawns and clearing shrubbery and weeds removes the protective cover that chiggers need to survive. They commonly settle and feed in areas such as the tops of shoes and socks, inside tight-fitting underwear under a waistband or bra band, at the back of the knees and in the crotch and armpits. trailer weeks. So, everybody wants to avoid the places they are found. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Several species of chiggers exist in the United States, but Trombicula alfreddugesi is most commonly encountered. (5 Signs Of Fleas). Chiggers are closely related to ticks and spiders and pass through the same four stages of development: egg, larva, nymph, and adult. %%EOF Theyre usually reddish-orange. Conference, UNL web framework and quality assurance provided by the, Tree, Landscape, and Green Infrastructure, Community Forestry and Sustainable Landscapes, USDAOffice of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights. Extension Agent, Agriculture - Horticulture, N.C. Chiggers vs Scabies: How Are They Different From Each Other? 0 0000000776 00000 n Can Mosquitoes Bite Through Clothes? The unfortunate person sitting in an area with a high concentration of chiggers will be attacked, while someone sitting only a few yards away may not be bitten at all. Chiggers may be concentrated heavily in one spot while virtually absent nearby. (5 Effective Home Remedies), What Do Roach Droppings Look Like? When chiggers fall off, the person is left with reddish bumps. Another common chigger habitat is the scrubby area around the edge of a forest or wooded area, where the lower-lying vegetation makes a great location for them to hang out, waiting for an unsuspecting host to wander by. When chiggers fall off, the person is left with reddish bumps. In the United States, they are found mostly in the southeast, the south, and the Midwest. Only 1/150 of an inch, it is almost invisible. 130 Ammons Dr Tab will move on to the next part of the site rather than go through menu items. There are dozens of genera within this family, and hundreds of species, but the chiggers present in your landscape are limited to those species native to your region. They hatch as 6-legged, bright red larvae that are less than 1/150 inch in diameter and are therefore practically microscopic. 0000012566 00000 n For humans, itching usually occurs after the larvae detach from the skin. Chiggers (scientific name: Trombiculidae) are a family of insects that go by many different names: harvest mites, scrub-itch mites, red bugs, and berry bugs. Larval parasitic stage.B. Up and Down arrows will open main level menus and toggle through sub tier links. Bed Bug Bites vs Mosquito Bites How Are They Different? After this course, learners will know how IPM principles apply to school gardens, differentiate between harmful and beneficial insects, and more. If you have had a run-in with chiggers, fear not. 9 Effective Home Remedies For Flea Bites That You Must Try! (Mosquito bites, by contrast, are usually in exposed places where those flying insects can easily land.) 0000002619 00000 n The active ingredients in these products all end with the suffix -thrin and are similar in effectiveness. They are most active in afternoons and when the ground temperature is about 77-86F. Cycle chiggers have 6 legs instead of the 8 legs that an adult mite will have during this life. Chiggers are easily removed from the skin by taking a hot bath or shower and lathering with soap several times. Their bite gives painful rashes and itches to every victim which takes a lot of time to heal. A cluster of them can sometimes be seen on your skin because of their reddish color. In the postlarval stage, they are not parasitic and feed on plant materials. There are numerous symptoms and causes of chigger bites that we must know. The females lay three to eight eggs in a clutch, usually on a leaf or under the roots of a plant, and die by autumn. PrivacyPolicy|Disclaimer|Websiteby Code18Interactive. Trombicula alfreddugesi and other Trombicula spp. Finally, wear a long-sleeved shirt so the chigger doesnt have access to your skin. The entire life cycle can require from two months to one year. In case of a chigger bite, medication is very important, and visit a doctor if the symptoms are severe. In humans, chiggers can cause intense itching and small reddish welts on the skin. Active in the spring, summer and fall, they love warm temps. http://ifasbooks.ifas.ufl.edu/p-1222-pests-in-and-around-the-southern-home.aspx, Pests in and around the Southern Home (SP486), Pests of Humans and Domestic Animals (MG Entomology), UF/IFAS Electronic Data Information System, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Scratching the bites can lead to infection, and thats where things can get dangerous. Left and right arrows move across top level links and expand / close menus in sub levels. After coming into contact with a human host, chiggers will crawl upward, going under or through clothing until they find an area where clothing fits tightly against the skin. The larvae, commonly called chiggers, are about 170-210 m (0.007-0.008 in) in diameter, normally light red in color, and covered in hairs; they move quickly relative to size. Check Elk/Bear Permit Application Results, Managing Invasive Species in Your Community, Wildflowers, Grasses and Other Nonwoody Plants. Flea Bites vs Mosquito Bites: How To Tell The Difference? A saliva is injected into the skin which turns skin cells into liquid which is then eaten. About the Big 48 0 obj <>stream Then treat your bites with an over-the-counter anti-itch cream or ointment, like menthol, calamine lotion, or hydrocortisone. (6 Ways To Get Rid Of Them), Roach Bites Symptoms, Preventions and Treatments. Can Flea Bites Make You Sick For Long? Only 1/150 of an inch, it is almost invisible. What do chiggers look like? Adult chiggers have 8 legs and look like several other types of mites. We facilitate and provide opportunity for all citizens to use, enjoy, and learn about these resources. These maps show the general distribution of medically important human-biting ticks in the contiguous United States. Pretty much everywhere. Apply to shoe tops, cuffs and neck openings and dont forget waistbands. Larvae are six-legged and feed on skin cells. Several species of chiggers occur in Texas, but only two are troublesome. If you must enter chigger-infested areas, chemical repellents can be used with good results. Humans are accidental hosts. Sulphur powder is also effective when applied to clothing but has a strong odor that makes it less desirable. Treating the lower legs and ankle areas is crucial. Chiggers occur in pockets or islands because a female lays all her eggs in one spot. The bites are small and swollen, looking very similar to pimples. If you are using permethrin, people should treat their clothing 1-2 days in advance to allow them to dry before being worn. 24 Frequently Asked Questions About Chiggers. Try the Burke County Center Staff Directory, or the Full Directory for N.C. Are you confused about why your dogs are suddenly acting uncomfortable, and what are the skin rashes that took up? One, Eutrombicula alfreddugesi, inhabits disturbed grassy and weedy upland areas and may be encountered in overgrown briar patches and along the edges of wooded areas.

Hunters Point San Francisco Gangs, Articles C