If Xi pays heed to the warranted criticism, he may moderate his aims, uphold other institutional norms, and maybe even reconsider the wisdom of embarking on a third term. The couple does not have any children. See Xu Yanyan , Han Zheng recalls Zhu Rongjis visit to factory [], Yicai Web [], August 14, 2013. Then, an internal Party memo referred to as Document No. He then served as deputy director of the State Council Information Office, where he was in charge of e-commerce and international cooperation (200103). On the one hand, Xi has promoted Chinese think tanks, which are mostly staffed with academics. These seven perils were enumerated in a memo, referred to as Document No. (Of a ship) being moved by a tug. For more information on Xis family background and his early life experiences, see Liang Jian , New Biography of Xi Jinping [] (New York: Mirror Books, 2012), and Wu Ming , Biography of Xi Jinping [] (Hong Kong: , 2008). For more information on Chinas top party leaders, see our background profiles for the 19th Politburo and Politburo Standing Committee. Hu advanced his political career largely through the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL). Mr. Xis cherry picking of approaches from each of the rival camps, analysts say, could end up miring his own agenda in intraparty squabbling. He then served as the first secretary of the Secretariat of the CCYL Central Committee (200608). subversive meaning: 1. trying to destroy or damage something, especially an established political system: 2. trying to. 25 School, while Liu went to Beijing No. The political establishment, while certainly composed of some yes-men willing to do the presidents bidding, is by no means monolithic. Since 2006, it has been known as the Liaoning University of Science and Technology in Anshan City, Liaoning Province. Liu served as deputy director of the Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Work, where he was responsible for overseeing macro-economic policy-planning and drafting speeches for CCP General Secretary Hu Jintao to deliver at annual CCP national conferences on economic affairs (200311). Prior to the 19th Party Congress in the fall of 2017, Han spent his entire career working in Shanghai. The revisions also reflect one of the greatest paradoxes of Xis leadership, at once pushing for a greater emphasis on what he calls law-based governance and stronger legal institutions while enshrining his name in the law under which he is supposed to govern, not rule over. 9, the number given to it by the central party office that issued it in April. An internal notice published in 2013 by the party's central committee- the famous "Document 9" included "the Western idea of journalism" among the "seven subversive currents" along with the promotion of constitutional democracy, the universal value of human rights, participation in social life, neo-liberalism, historical nihilism, and the . The citizen-activists demanding that party officials reveal their family wealth cited Mr. Xis own vows to end official corruption and deliver more candid government. He later taught at Renmin University as an instructor (198687). For more information about Li Keqiangs family background and his early experiences, see Hong Qing , He will be Chinas Top Manager: The Biography of Li Keqiang [] (New York: Mirror Books, 2010). Li Keqiang was born on July 1, 1955, in Dingyuan County, Anhui Province. If these four leaders are excluded, 85 percent would be newcomers. In conjunction with his frequent meetings with foreign leaders in Guangdong, these trips abroad have helped to broaden Hus international experience. Some analystsincluding usnaively hoped that Xi wanted more time to train, groom, and test a potential successor before identifying the candidate. Liu Zhiyans second marriage resulted in one son and one daughter. Sun Chunlan comes from a humble background. The campaign has also exhilarated leftist defenders of party orthodoxy, many of whom pointedly oppose the sort of market reforms that Mr. Xi and Prime Minister Li Keqiang have said are needed. 101 School in the same district. 9, that bears the unmistakable imprimatur of Xi Jinping, China's new top leader. After that, Liu worked as a researcher at the Development Research Center of the State Council (198788). He also developed good relations with Xi Jinping when Han served as Xis deputy in Shanghai in 2007, before Xi moved to Beijing to serve as a member of the Politburo Standing Committee. For more discussion about Hu Chunhuas patron-client ties with Hu Jintao, see Ren Huayi, The Sixth Generation: The CCPs Last Generation of Successors [] (New York: Mirror Books, 2010), and Ke Wei, The Rising Stars of the CCPs Sixth Generation [] (Hong Kong: New Culture Press, 2010). He also served as deputy head of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo Organizing Committee and head of the Executive Committee (200411). He was first elected to the Central Committee as an alternate member at the 15th Party Congress (1997). To Xi or not to Xi? About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . That is the existential question that will be posed to Chinas National Peoples Congress in the coming days, as it considers indefinitely handing over the countrys political reins to President Xi Jinping. In fact, Xi attended the Bayi School and Beijing No. Hu has also traveled abroad in recent years, undertaking visits to the United States and Mexico in 2016 and to the United Kingdom, Israel, and Ireland in 2017. The political establishment, while certainly composed of some yes-men willing to do the presidents bidding, is by no means monolithic. This includes four military alternate members of the 18th Central Committee who were promoted to be full members of the 19th Central Committee. The two met in 1969 in Yanan, where both were sent-down youths. Chinas state leaders were revealed on March 18, 2018 at the conclusion of the 13th National Peoples Congress (NPC). Table of Contents. She joined the CCP in 1973. His father, Li Fengsan, was a county-level cadre in Fengyang County, Anhui3. Power could escape their grip, they have been told, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursing through Chinese society. Liu began his career as a sent-down youth at an agricultural commune in Jilin Province (196970)2. subversive groups/activities. In 2009, he was transferred to Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, where he served as party secretary (200912) and chairman of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regional Peoples Congress (201012). The confrontation at the newspaper and campaign demanding that officials disclose their wealth alarmed leaders and helped galvanize them into issuing Document No. Early in his career, Wang worked as a researcher and director at the Institute of Contemporary History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (197982) and then moved to the Rural Policy Research Office of the CCP Central Committee (198288). Xi said, This is Liu He. Condemnations of constitutional government have prompted dismayed opposition from liberal intellectuals and even some moderate-minded former officials. Xi was a sent-down youth at an agricultural commune in Yanchuan County, Shaanxi (196975)1. He then served as a member of the Secretariat of the CCYL National Committee and vice-chairman of Chinas Youth Federation (19972001). Its possible that this situation will get out of control, and that wont help the political stability that the central leadership stresses.. Wang was a sent-down youth at an agricultural commune in Yanan County, Shaanxi (1969-1971)2. Vice president of the Peoples Republic of China (2018present). Lis wife, Cheng Hong, is currently a professor of English language and literature at Capital University of Economics and Business in Beijing. Indeed, senior central propaganda officials met to discuss the newspaper protest, among other issues, and called it a plot to subvert the party, according to a speech on a party Web site of Lianyungang, a port city in eastern China. The daughter, Liu Hes half-sister, married Gong Zheng, the current governor of Shandong Province. Which shows your current branch. The internal warnings to cadres show that Mr. Xis confident public face has been accompanied by fears that the party is vulnerable to an economic slowdown, public anger about corruption and challenges from liberals impatient for political change. But when the proposed constitutional changes are unsurprisingly approved by the National Party Congress next week, it will be left to Chinese society to determine whether to accept the risks of returning to winner-takes-all, strongman politics or instead continue down the path of Dengs reforms, with a government that incorporates Chinese-style checks and balances and honors the peaceful transition of power. Mr. Xis edicts have been disseminated in a series of compulsory study sessions across the country, like one in the southern province of Hunan that was recounted on a local government Web site. According to the current CCP regulations and norms, Han will most likely serve only a single term in the Politburo Standing Committee and then retire in 202223. Convection currents transfer heat from one place to another by mass motion of a fluid such as water, air or molten rock. After the founding of the PRC, Liu Zhiyan served consecutively as an official in the Central Organization Department of the CCP Central Committee, as a Secretariat member of the Kunming Municipal Party Committee, as a member of the Standing Committee of the CCP Yunnan Provincial Committee, and as secretary of the Secretariat and chief of staff of the CCP Southwestern Bureau. Even these relatively measured campaigns proved too much for party leaders, who are wary of any challenges that could swell into outright opposition. (Here are the 19 ships and submarines in U.S. naval fleet . Convection is different from conduction, which is a transfer of heat between . China Takes Aim at Western Ideas HONG KONG Communist Party cadres have filled meeting halls around China to hear a somber, secretive warning issued by senior leaders. Seven months later, he was transferred to Beijing to serve as a Politburo Standing Committee member (2007present) and executive secretary of the Secretariat of the CCP Central Committee (200712). Not much information is available about Han Zhengs family. China wants lots of children but many families don't, struggling to create distance between itself and Moscow. Power could escape their grip, they have been told, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursi. He also worked as deputy head of Linzhi Prefecture, Tibet (1992), and as deputy party secretary and head of Shannan Prefecture, Tibet (199597). Repentance in 12 points.<br><br>Having learned from the news about the planned measures to prevent illegal subversive activities, expressed in unjustified malicious criticism of the participants of the Special Military Operation, I completely revised my views, deeply repented and intend to disarm in front of all the Duma parties at the same time.<br>By item:<br><br>1) I now admit that for more . Proactive Foreign Policy Xis proactive () approach to foreign policy marks a significant departure from Deng Xiaopings strategy of keeping a low profile (). Their perceptions of Xi as a Mao-like figure may now be crystallized. In a disappointing turn for those who have upheld more optimistic prognoses for Xiand for Chinahe opted to revert the country back to the era of strongman politics and the personality cult. Document No. Li then served as party secretary of Liaoning Province (200407). If Xi aspires to be a truly great and transformative Chinese leader, he must eventually present a clear and coherent vision for the country while also respecting the political rules and norms that have laid the groundwork for Chinas economic and political rise. He received his undergraduate education from the history department at the Northwestern University in Xian City, Shaanxi Province (1976). Thats like pouring petrol on the leftists fire., https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/20/world/asia/chinas-new-leadership-takes-hard-line-in-secret-memo.html. He and his wife were married in Tibet and have one daughter. When Hu was made first secretary of the CCYL in 1985, Li became a full member of the Secretariat. Liu He is widely considered to be an adviser rather than a policymaker. Add a comment. Before her retirement, Yao worked as an official at the China Native Produce & Animal Import and Export Corporation. It seems that Xi, more than any previous top leader, is interested in having his legacy centered on the development of rule of law and the judiciary in China. In particular, his management of the SARS epidemic in the spring of 2003 has been taken as evidence of his efficacy in crisis.4 Wangs experience handling crises and other challenges includes his appointment as executive vice-governor of Guangdong in 1998 to manage the bankruptcy of a major financial institution in the wake of the 1997 Asian financial crisis; his appointment as party secretary of Hainan Province in 2002 to address the decade-long real estate bubble on the island; and his role as mayor of Beijing during the 2008 Olympics.5, Wang is widely recognized in China by the nickname chief of the fire brigade (). Western anti-China forces led by the United States have joined in one after the other, and colluded with dissidents within the country to make slanderous attacks on us in the name of so-called press freedom and constitutional democracy, said Zhang Guangdong, a propaganda official in Lianyungang, citing the conclusions from the meeting of central propaganda officials. See Everybody Loves Chinese Vice-Premier Wang Qishan, Public Intelligence, January 23, 2011. Current below the surface. For example, the objective of his economic policy, as articulated at the third plenum of the 18th Central Committee in 2013, has been to make the private sector the decisive driver of the Chinese economy. First, her leadership experience running an important province (Fujian) and two major cities (Tianjin and Dalian), as well as her tenure as first secretary of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions and director of the Central United Front Work Department of the CCP Central Committee, have prepared her for even more important posts in the national leadership. Deep-ocean currents contain water with high oxygen concentrations. Early in his career (197982), Xi served as a personal secretary (mishu) to Geng Biao, then minister of defense. Some analysts have viewed Hus Politburo membership as a reflection of Deng Xiaopings political design for a grandpa-designated successor (). View All. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. Li Keqiang worked closely with Hu, assisting him in convening the Sixth National Conference of the All-China Youth Federation in August 1983. Now the leftists feel very excited and elated, while the liberals feel very discouraged and discontented, said Professor Xiao, who said he was generally sympathetic to Mr. Xis aims. Xi was reelected as general secretary of the CCP and chairman of the CMC at the 19th Party Congress in October 2017, and then as president of the PRC at the 13th National Peoples Congress in March 2018. How the relationship between these two strongmen in China, Xi and Wang, will unfold in the years to come remains to be seen. Buckey says that it "bears the unmistakable imprimatur of Xi Jinping." 3. He has responded to praise of his work by stating that it is inappropriate to emphasize any one individuals contributions to Chinas economic policy. You have to commemorate him, and because hes already passed away, you can only speak well of him, not ill, Professor Xiao, the historian, said of Maos anniversary. 8893. He serves as a professor of economics at Renmin University, Peking University, Tsinghua University, and the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Wang is married to Yao Mingshan. Wang will likely assist Xi in two important fields: China-U.S. relations and the Belt and Road Initiative. Both tasks will be very challenging due to the rapidly changing international environment. She received her undergraduate degree in English at the PLA Foreign Language Institute in Luoyang and her doctoral degree in literature at the Chinese Academy of Social Science. Yet, critics often point to the arrests and harassment of human rights lawyers in China as examples that the rule of law in China has actually regressed under Xis leadership. As Liu He articulated at the Davos World Economic Forum in 2018, active participation in economic globalization and the deepening of Chinas economic reform and openness have remained central to the countrys long-standing economic outlook. Lis mother-in-law, Liu Yiqing, was a journalist at the Xinhua News Agency. 15963. In comparison to his two predecessors, Premier Zhu Rongji and Premier Wen Jiabao, Li Keqiangs power and authority are noticeably limitedeven on economic policy, which has traditionally fallen under the purview of the premier. Han appears to have earned Xis support, obtaining a Politburo seat after Xi became general secretary of the CCP in 2012. Most recently, she served as director of the Central United Front Work Department of the CCP Central Committee (201417). Xi was in charge of preparations for both the2008 Summer Olympicsin Beijing and the 2009celebrations commemorating the sixtieth anniversary of the founding of the PRC. She also served as party secretary of Dalian, Liaoning (200105), and as first secretary of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) (200509). Nudity and erotica have existed in art since prehistoric times. -1. Not much information is available regarding Hu Chunhuas family. To some extent, the overriding objective of his anti-corruption campaign has been to restore the Chinese publics faith in its ruling party, which lost public trust in the wake of the Bo Xilai scandal and the Ling Jihua incident.3, Military Reform Xi achieved a milestone victory in restructuring the PLA, through efforts which have been officially referred to as military reform (). Li Meng, Li Keqiang and the class of 77 at the Department of Law at Peking University [Li Keqiang suozai de beida faluxi 77 ji], Democracy and Law [Minzhu yu fazhi], October 26, 2009. Vice Premier of the State Council (2018present), Deputy Head of the Central Leading Group for United Front Work (2015present), Head of the State Council Leading Group of Deepening Medical and Health System Reform (2018present), Deputy Head of the Central Coordination Group for Hong Kong and Macao Affairs (2016present), Full member of the CCP Central Committee (2007present). Since the document was issued, the campaign for ideological orthodoxy has prompted a torrent of commentary and articles in party-run periodicals. Iyesa Express ~ Sizwe Nzima's Rx Cycle Delivery; Tomorrow's Cities ~ BBC on Smart Urban Living. Hu Chunhua was born into a family of very humble means. Therefore, Chinese public expectations in the lead-up to the 19th Party Congress were that Hu Chunhua would ascend to the 19th Politburo Standing Committee, which presented a serious challenge for Xi. Chinese society has changed profoundly since the Mao era. The government blamed a subversive organization for the riots. 9, that bears the unmistakable imprimatur of Xi Jinping, China's new top leader. He was a sent-down youth at a collective farm in Chongming County, Shanghai, during the Cultural Revolution (197275)1. This time the language and violence seem only frantic, not genuinely subversive or liberating. These proposed constitutional revisions are the latestand most historically consequentialpower grab by the self-assured Chinese president. Sun is the only woman leader whose age allowed her to stay on the Politburo for another term, through the 19th Party Congress. Their political connection likely began or was consolidated during her studies at the Central Party School in the early 1990s, when Hu served as president of the school2. For the Chinese Communist Party, these founding principles of our European model belong to the "seven subversive currents" and the "Western evils" that need to be suppressed in China. Conclusion. Some political elites may stand up for their belief in the institutionalized norms of the Deng era. At a time when Xi enjoys tremendous individual power, Li can potentially be viewed as a balancing forcethough not an impressive one thus farwithin the political establishment. 9, said Professor Xiao, the historian. The campaign carries some risks for Mr. Xi, who has indicated that the slowing economy needs new, more market-driven momentum that can come only from a relaxation of state influence. Many of them have invoked Maoist talk of class war rarely seen in official publications in recent years. Liberal intellectuals will be among the first to push back and shape the public discourse. During these visits, Xi affirmed the good work carried out under Hu Chunhuas leadership, especially in the areas of supply-side economic reform, technological innovation, and social stability4. Some have said that constitutionalism and similar ideas were tools of Western subversion that helped topple the former Soviet Union and that a similar threat faces China. Seen in official publications in recent years have 10 gift articles to give each month No. The Politburo for another term, through the Chinese Communist Youth League ( CCYL ) latestand most consequentialpower. 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