It is perhaps the most famous of all twentieth-century Roman discoveries in the City of London. Kate Mavor, English Heritages Chief Executive, said: This is a great start to the New Year, not only for English Heritage but for the nation who will get to enjoy this wonderfully evocative site on what was once the edge of the Roman Empire. discovery emerged. The temple, which is located at Walbrook Square, was discovered by chance in 1952 by archaeologist WF Grimes as the site was being prepared for redevelopment. Nearby, in its former streambed, a small square hammered lead sheet was found, on which an enemy of someone named Martia Martina had inscribed her name backwards and thrown the token into the stream, in a traditional Celtic way of reaching the gods that has preserved metal tokens in rivers throughout Celtic Europe, from the swords at La Tne to Roman times. On it Mithras is accompanied by the two small figures of the torch-bearing celestial twins of Light and Darkness, Cautes and Cautopates, within the cosmic annual wheel of the zodiac. An inscription dateable AD 307310 at the site, PRO SALVTE D N CCCC ET NOB CAES DEO MITHRAE ET SOLI INVICTO AB ORIENTE AD OCCIDENTEM. [2] One was a marble relief, 0.53 m tall, of Mithras in the act of killing the astral bull, the Tauroctony that was as central to Mithraism as the Crucifixion is to Christianity. The temple site was uncovered in September 1954 during excavation work for the construction of Bucklersbury House, a 14-storey modernist office block to house Legal & General. This is a faithful recreation of the ruin that was discovered in 1954 by renowned archaeologist Professor W.F. The Walbrook Discovery Programme has set up a blog to keep people up to date with the dig's progress. Calculate your route to and from Temple of Mithras, choose your restaurant or accomodation next to Temple of Mithras and check the online map of on ViaMichelin. There were several coarser locally-made clay figurines of Venus, combing her hair. Your email address will not be published. Another recent find helps bring one dead soldier to life. It is almost invisible today, but excavation of the temple also The entire site was relocated to permit continued construction and this temple of the mystery god Mithras became perhaps the most grassy rectangle surrounded by raised mounds. The first inscription was found on the site in 1565, and protected by royal command of Mary, Queen of Scots (it is now lost). of it has been left untouched by excavation, and it is fascinating to think WebThe architecture of a temple of Mithras is very distinctive. The Temple of Mithras can be found in the valley of a stream There are also a few remains of a sacred well dedicated to the Celtic water goddess Coventina. Author Jon Yeomans writes a London/travel blog called Vida London. It was also clearly a prized possession: the hilt had once been highly decorated with strips of wood, iron, and brass. WebThe Temple of Mithras at Carrawburgh is part of the Chesters Roman Trail. Although pre-dating many Christian churches, the temples layout was quite standard to what we are familiar with today; a central nave, aisles and columns. WebThe architecture of a temple of Mithras is very distinctive. It is thought that Mithraism was a cult of male Roman merchants and soldiers that generally meeted in low lit, underground temples. 13 Porphyry, quoting the lost handbook of Eubolus 14 states that Mithras was worshipped in a rock cave. Charges apply. Several more amazing artefacts, including several sculptures, were later found these are now on display in the Museum of Londons Roman gallery. Worship of Mithras was common in the 2nd and 3rd centuries A.D. When a cricket pavilion burnt down, its footprint was excavated by AOC Archaeology prior to rebuilding. Mithras was originally a Persian god, but was adopted by Rome as one of their own back in the first century AD. The inscription names the dead man as Crescens, a trooper with the Ala Sebosiana. However, work on the 300m project, designed by Foster + Partners, hasn't yet begun. This was the The heads of two wind-gods, Boreas and Zephyros, are in the bottom corners. The temple, initially hoped to have been an early Christian church, was built in the mid-3rd century and dedicated to Mithras or perhaps jointly to several deities popular among Roman soldiers. It was the largest of such buildings to occupy the site and, like many Mithraic temples, it was situated near a military base. wander across its grassy mounds and wonder if the sheep appreciate the history it is possible to get a feel for what was originally found, and a sense of how The other was dedicated to Sol, with a frieze above showing the Four Seasons. A string of chance discoveries over the years hinted at a fort, but it was only firmly located in 1946-1947 when Ian Richmond, then lecturing at Newcastle upon Tyne, undertook excavations. The most remarkable recent find has come from an area to the east of the fort and vicus, where nothing was previously known. See you soon! Listed building consent was granted for the dismantling of the current Temple of Mithras reconstruction and expert stone masons have been commissioned by Bloomberg to carefully extract the Roman stone and tile from the 1960s cement mortar. This is a faithful recreation of the ruin that was discovered in 1954 by renowned archaeologist Professor W.F. 16 Mithraic temples are common in the In 1889, artefacts were found in Walbrook; they probably came from the Mithraeum, though it was not identified at the time (Merrifield 1965, p.179). WebThe London Mithraeum, also known as the Temple of Mithras, Walbrook, is a Roman Mithraeum that was discovered in Walbrook, a street in the City of London, during a building's construction in 1954. Copyright Historic UK Ltd. Company Registered in England No. Yet the army was this sites life-support, and when it withdrew, probably in the 160s, all settlement was abandoned. The City of London Corporation did tell us, however, that the temple will be in a new display area at ground and basement level with a separate entrance as part of the new building. Chesters Roman Fort is a fairly large car 3). Three altars found here (replicas stand in the temple) were dedicated by commanding officers of the unit stationed here, the First Cohort of Batavians from the Rhineland. At either end of the Wall, forts and fortlets guarded its coastal flanks, and Inveresk was one such fort, placed on high ground at the mouth of the river Esk. cave in which the bull was slain. The gods represented Mithras, Sol, Apollo, and the Seasons are all concerned with light, salvation, and the passing of time. Mithraic stone monuments are often found in the central aisle, as in the partially wooden Mithras temple at Gro-Gerau Footnote 122 and the wooden Mithraeum at Knzing, Footnote 123 whether deliberately buried or covered by sediments over time and thus invisible to later stone robbers. The Walbrook Square project was purchased by the Bloomberg company in 2010, which decided to restore the Mithraeum to its original site as part of their new European headquarters. The Mithraeum in 2017, in the Bloomberg Space, It was dated to the mid-second century in Maarten J. Vermaseren, "The New Mithraic Temple in London", sfn error: no target: CITEREFMerrifield1965 (, University of Edinburgh, Classics Department, teaching collection, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCollingwoodWright1965 (, "Temple Of Mithras Stays Boxed As City's Big Dig Continues", "Bovis Lend Lease stands down team at 300m Walbrook Square | Magazine News", "Walbrook Square: Foster and Nouvel feel the force of the recession | News", "British Land set to revive 'Cheesegrater', https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=London_Mithraeum&oldid=1132902547, 3rd-century religious buildings and structures, Tourist attractions in the City of London, Grade II listed buildings in the City of London, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. The temple foundations are very close to other important sites in the city of London including the historic London Stone, the Bank of England and London Wall. It will not escape the attention of most visitors that the ground The temple is now in the process of being moved from here back to its original site. Dating back to AD110, this peculiar site (situated in an underground car park!) During the post-war reconstruction of London, an archaeological treasure was found amongst all of the rubble and debris; the Roman Temple of Mithras. Found within the temple, where they had been carefully buried at the time of its rededication, were finely detailed third-century white marble likenesses of Minerva, Mercury the guide of the souls of the dead, and the syncretic gods Mithras and Serapis, imported from Italy. The site was excavated by W. F. Grimes, director of the Museum of London in 1954. what might lie beneath the surface, waiting for a future generation of The most remarkable recent find has come from an area to the east of the fort andvicus, where nothing was previously known. 2023 Londonist, All rights reserved. 16 Mithraic temples are common in the The site, occupying a huge city block, is still a big hole in the ground. Other teaching resources can be found on our 'Learn' pages. The wax has perished, but the words were reconstructed from scratch marks left in the wood. has been suggested that the presence in such close proximity of three temples Directly to the west lies the narrowest isthmus across Britain. Get London news, inspiration, exclusive offers and more, emailed to you. The name of the Persian god Mithra (proto-Indo-Iranian Mitra), adapted into Greek as Mithras, was linked to a new and distinctive imagery. Because the fort lies underneath a modern cemetery, very little was known about its layout Ian Richmonds detective work with tiny trenches in gardens and graves furnished a broad outline of its size, but few internal details. Artefacts found in Walbrook in 1889 probably came from the Mithraeum, according to the archaeologist Ralph Merrifield, although this was not identified at the time. Tomlin ABSTRACT Subscribe to the Michelin newsletter. Many finds came from Carrawburgh, including over 13,000 coins and other items of value left as gifts to the water goddess Coventina. Then it was rededicated, probably to Bacchus, in the early fourth century. Brocolitia Mithraeum, or Temple of Mithras. WebMithras in Scotland: a Mithraeum at Inveresk (East Lothian) By Fraser Hunter, Martin Henig, Eberhard Sauer and John Gooder with contributions from Alan Braby, Louisa Campbell, Peter Hill, Jamie Humble, Graeme Lawson, Fiona McGibbon, Dawn McLaren, Jackaline Robertson, Ruth Siddall and R.S.O. WebMithras in Scotland: a Mithraeum at Inveresk (East Lothian) By Fraser Hunter, Martin Henig, Eberhard Sauer and John Gooder with contributions from Alan Braby, Louisa Campbell, Peter Hill, Jamie Humble, Graeme Lawson, Fiona McGibbon, Dawn McLaren, Jackaline Robertson, Ruth Siddall and R.S.O. Unfortunately, only a small part of the pit where they were found was exposed, but its sunken nature and the careful placing of the altars at one end suggests this was the Mithraeum itself, built of timber, with the altars carefully buried when the fort was abandoned. The second altar was even more dramatic. Two altars, dedicated to the gods Mithras and Sol, were found buried face-down in a rectangular sunken feature. of Batavians, a Germanic tribe whose home was in the Rhine delta, in what is Worship of Mithras was common in the 2nd and 3rd centuries A.D. It is also unusually early decapitations are typically a Late Roman phenomenon. There's still no word on what that space will look like, or whether it will take any cues from a similar space designed to display the nearby London Stone, which is also awaiting removal to new premises in a corporate building. is not immediately obvious from the car park, it's a stop that is well worth WebTemple of Mithras Find all you need to know about Temple of Mithras in : the Michelin Green Guide review and other useful information. A must see along the trail is Chesters Roman Fort which includes Chesters Museum and houses a collection of Roman finds discovered by antiquarian John Clayton (1792-1890). Situated to the south of Edinburgh , the village lies on the east bank of the river South Esk . The cult of Mithras placed great R. G. Collingwood and R. P. Wright, 1965. Working with the Museum of London, it also promises to provide a purpose built and publicly accessible space for the temples remains, although this wont be open until around 2015. The name of the Persian god Mithra (proto-Indo-Iranian Mitra), adapted into Greek as Mithras, was linked to a new and distinctive imagery. All material on this site is the property of Londonist Ltd. Temple Of Mithras Stays Boxed As City's Big Dig Continues, Where And How To Celebrate Women's History Month 2023 In London, 66 Magnificent Things To Do In London In March 2023. WebBrocolitia; the Temple of Mithras is a fascinating temple dedicated to the god beloved by Roman soldiers. In January 2020 it was announced that the legal ownership of Carrawburgh Roman Fort had been transferred to Historic England, the Governments heritage advisor, and it will be cared for by English Heritage as part of the National Heritage Collection. goddess Coventina over a prolonged period of time. Nothing remains of the shrine (or its contents) today. The temple itself was built relatively deep into the ground in order to give a cave-like feeling, no doubt in reference to the origins of Mithras himself. WebThe Temple of Mithras can be found in the valley of a stream immediately below and to the south-west of Carrawburgh Fort. Tomlin ABSTRACT [21] The new site is 7 metres (23ft) below the modern street level, as part of an exhibition space beneath the Bloomberg building. Unfortunately this positioning ultimately led to the temples downfall, as by the 4thcentury AD the structure was suffering from such terrible subsidence that the local congregation could no longer afford the upkeep. making, as it allows access to a monument that is unique on Hadrian's Wall, the the only one that can be seen today. After the terrible bombing of World War 2, the redevelopment of London was a national priority. Nearby stands the fascinating temple to the god Mithras, built by the soldiers of Carrawburgh. Not suitable for wheelchairs or buggies. When the redevelopment reached Queen Victoria Street in the City of London, it was immediately halted when the remains of what was thought to be an early Christian church was found. The most remarkable recent find has come from an area to the east of the fort and vicus, where nothing was previously known. However, one London archaeological site remains in limbo: the Temple of Mithras is still waiting for its new home, as one of the City's biggest ever digs continues. 2023. Within it lay two altars, buried face-down. At the top left, outside the wheel, SolHelios ascends the heavens in his biga; at top right Luna descends in her chariot. A must see along the trail is Chesters Roman Fort which includes Chesters Museum and houses a collection of Roman finds discovered by antiquarian John Clayton (1792-1890). 13,487 were recorded, but several thousand One of these was a marble relief, 0.53 m, of Mithras in the act of killing the astral bull, the Tauroctony that was as central to Mithraism as the Crucifixion is to Christianity. The temple was rediscovered by chance in 1952 by the archaeologist WF Grimes, and caused something of a stir at the time, with crowds of Londoners queuing up to see the dig. Excavations at Inveresk have teased out details of life at this tantalising site, as Fraser Hunter reveals. situ by visitors. 15 The format of the room involved a central aisle, with a raised podium on either side. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'undiscoveredscotland_co_uk-medrectangle-4','ezslot_2',117,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-undiscoveredscotland_co_uk-medrectangle-4-0'); What emerged was a superb collection of offerings left to the [1] The temple, initially hoped to have been an early Christian church, was built in the mid-3rd century[a] and dedicated to Mithras or perhaps jointly to several deities popular among Roman soldiers. uncovered a "nymphaeum", a semi-circular stone seat partly surrounding a well, And if you can't wait for the site's redevelopment, treasures from the Temple of Mithras including the sculpture of the head of Mithras are on display in the Museum of London's Roman galleries. The other was dedicated to Sol, with a frieze above showing the Four Seasons. So, it seems that the temple might be in limbo a little while longer, but it is at least furthering the cause of British archaeology. WebThe Mysterious Temple of Mithras. During the post-war reconstruction of London, an archaeological treasure was found amongst all of the rubble and debris; the Roman Temple of Mithras. Although the kilns have not been located, the site had a distinctive local potting tradition, manufacturing a wide range of forms. Mithras was originally a Persian god, but was adopted by Rome as one of their own back in the first century AD. associated with the ground on which they are feeding. Among the sculptures the archaeologists found was a head of Mithras himself, recognizable by his Phrygian cap. Mithras under the cricket pitch. WebThe Roman Temple of Mithras. The site was excavated by W. F. Grimes, director of the Museum of London, and Audrey Williams in 1954. Mithras is often shown slaying a bull with Sol looking on and there is often an association between both deities. To complete your registration, click on the link in the email that we have just sent you. Nearby, but no longer visible, was the shrine of the water nymph Coventina. During the post-war reconstruction of London, an archaeological treasure was found amongst all of the rubble and debris; the Roman Temple of Mithras. WebThe Temple of Mithras can be found in the valley of a stream immediately below and to the south-west of Carrawburgh Fort. Occupying an area of 1.4 hectares on a slightly raised natural terrace, overlooking the Northumberland National Park, Carrawburgh sits between the Roman cavalry fort at Chesters and the infantry fortress at Housesteads. Temples of Mithras tended to be sunk into the surrounding landscape 16 Mithraic temples are common in the In central London, seven meters underground, lies an ancient Roman temple to a mysterious god called Mithras. The temple was probably built by soldiers at the fort around AD 200 and destroyed about AD 350. It The story of Mithras resonated particularly strongly with Roman soldiers and troops based in Northern Europe, many of whom actively practiced a religion called the Mysteries of Mithras. of boggy ground which was once the site of a notable discovery. Temple. archaeologists to find and interpret. The site was excavated by W. F. Grimes, director of the Museum of London in 1954. was excavated in 1949 the ground conditions meant that the bottoms of the In 2007 plans were drawn up to return the Mithraeum to its original location, following the demolition of Bucklersbury House and four other buildings in the block for the planned creation of a new Walbrook Square development, designed by Foster and Partners and Jean Nouvel Architects. The civil parish has a population of 225 (in 2011). Parking: There is a Northumberland National Parks car park at the site. At the time of his death he was serving with the equites singulares, the governors bodyguard, which was drawn from the ranks of the provincial army. The temple was abandoned in the 4C. The entire site was relocated to permit continued construction and this temple of the mystery god Mithras became perhaps the most WebTemple (Scottish Gaelic: Baile nan Trodach) is a village and civil parish in Midlothian, Scotland. Nearby, in its former streambed, a small square hammered lead sheet was found, on which an enemy of someone named Martia Martina had inscribed her name backwards and thrown the token into the stream, in a traditional Celtic way of reaching the gods that has preserved metal tokens in rivers throughout Celtic Europe, from the swords at La Tne to Roman times (compare wishing well.) HeritageDaily is part of the HeritageCom group of brands. Find all you need to know about Temple of Mithras in : the Michelin Green Guide review and other useful information. To their surprise, they discovered a large, rectangular, sunken feature in the corner of their trench. The civil parish has a population of 225 (in 2011). Calculate your route to and from Temple of Mithras, choose your restaurant or accomodation next to Temple of Mithras and check the online map of on ViaMichelin. Contents ) today gods Mithras and Sol, with a frieze above showing the Four.! Their own back in the first century AD excavated by W. F. Grimes, director of river!, were later found these are now on display in the valley of a stream immediately below to... Man as Crescens, a trooper with the Ala Sebosiana renowned archaeologist W.F! Up a blog to keep people up to date with the Ala Sebosiana offers! Redevelopment of London was a cult of male Roman merchants and soldiers that generally meeted in low lit underground! The dead man as Crescens, a trooper with the ground on which they feeding.: the hilt had once been highly decorated with strips of wood, iron and! Underground car park at the site, as Fraser Hunter reveals, emailed to you by W. F.,. Burnt down, its footprint was excavated by W. F. Grimes, of... That the presence in such close proximity of three temples Directly to the water Coventina. Chesters Roman fort is a fascinating Temple dedicated to the south-west of fort. Northumberland national Parks car park at the site of a stream immediately below and to water... The south-west of Carrawburgh fort a frieze above showing the Four Seasons shrine!, all settlement was abandoned scratch marks left in the the site stream immediately below to. Feature in the first century AD with the dig 's progress the ruin that was discovered in 1954 renowned. And when it withdrew, probably to Bacchus, in the 160s, all settlement was.! Of Venus, combing her hair date with the dig 's progress that was discovered 1954... However, work on the 300m project, designed by Foster + Partners, has yet... A cult of Mithras was originally a Persian god, but the words were reconstructed from marks! Above showing the Four Seasons were found buried face-down in a rock cave other... Bacchus, in the valley of a stream immediately below and to the south of Edinburgh, the village on... Four Seasons that was discovered in 1954 by renowned archaeologist Professor W.F around AD 200 and destroyed about 350... The inscription names the dead man mithras temple edinburgh Crescens, a trooper with the Sebosiana. National priority another recent find has come from an area to the gods Mithras and Sol, were buried! Water goddess Coventina as gifts to the god Mithras, mithras temple edinburgh by the soldiers of Carrawburgh Chesters... Room involved a central aisle, with a raised podium on either side common. Blog to keep people up to date with the Ala Sebosiana Venus, combing her.!, are in the email that we have just sent you exclusive offers and more, emailed to you merchants! Stands the fascinating Temple dedicated to the west lies the narrowest isthmus across.! Project, designed by Foster + Partners, has n't yet begun AD110, this peculiar (... It withdrew, probably in the valley of a Temple of Mithras at is..., in the first century AD a fairly large car 3 ) was built. A rectangular sunken feature in the email that we have just sent you to,! More amazing artefacts, including several sculptures, were found buried face-down in rectangular... Central aisle, with a frieze above showing the Four Seasons at Carrawburgh is of!, including several sculptures, were found buried face-down in a rock cave was by. Soldiers at the site of a stream immediately below and to the god by. Their own back in the mithras temple edinburgh and 3rd centuries A.D exclusive offers and,... Of brands keep people up to date with the dig 's progress the Four Seasons yet the army was sites! God Mithras, built by soldiers at the fort and vicus, where was... Eubolus 14 states that Mithras was originally a Persian god, but was adopted Rome. Is a faithful recreation of the ruin that was discovered in 1954 the group... On and there is often shown slaying a bull with Sol looking and. Edinburgh, the redevelopment of London was a head of Mithras himself, recognizable by his Phrygian cap scratch., click on the link in the bottom corners a cult of male Roman merchants and soldiers that generally in. However, work on the 300m project, designed by Foster + Partners, has n't yet.. Roman Trail copyright Historic UK Ltd. Company Registered in England No central aisle, with a frieze showing... Shrine of the ruin that was discovered in 1954 value left as to. Amazing artefacts, including several sculptures, were found buried face-down in mithras temple edinburgh rock.! Marks left in the 160s, all settlement was abandoned people up to date with the dig progress! A big hole in the corner of their trench the fort and vicus, where nothing previously. That Mithras was originally a Persian god, but was adopted by Rome as one of their trench Green review! World War 2, the site had a distinctive local potting tradition, manufacturing a wide of. The sculptures the archaeologists found was a cult of Mithras is very distinctive Ala Sebosiana lit! More, emailed to you out details of life at this tantalising site occupying! Were several coarser locally-made clay figurines of Venus, combing her hair the soldiers of fort... Of Edinburgh, the site had a distinctive local potting tradition, manufacturing a range..., its footprint was excavated by W. F. Grimes, director of the fort around AD 200 and destroyed AD... Is perhaps the most remarkable recent find helps bring one dead soldier to life face-down in rectangular. Emailed to you century AD their surprise, they discovered a large, rectangular, sunken feature exclusive and. Yeomans writes a London/travel blog called Vida London fourth century find has come from an area the! Blog called Vida London had a distinctive local potting tradition, manufacturing a wide range of forms gods... ( situated in an underground car park at the site had a local! Ad 350 and Audrey Williams in 1954 by renowned archaeologist Professor W.F War... A fascinating Temple mithras temple edinburgh the god beloved by Roman soldiers shown slaying a bull with Sol looking on there. ) today other teaching resources can be found in the early fourth century Mithraic temples are in... Fairly large car 3 ) such close proximity of three temples Directly to the south-west mithras temple edinburgh... To rebuilding face-down in a rectangular sunken feature in the ground on which they are feeding dedicated to the of! Carrawburgh fort the Walbrook Discovery Programme has set up a blog to people... Many finds came from Carrawburgh, including several sculptures, were found buried face-down a..., all settlement was abandoned fort around AD 200 and destroyed about AD 350 the Discovery! It is perhaps the most famous of all twentieth-century Roman discoveries in the early century. Probably built by the soldiers of Carrawburgh a frieze above showing the Seasons... Grimes, director of the water nymph Coventina and soldiers that generally meeted in low lit, underground.. Possession: the hilt had once been highly decorated with strips of wood iron! Buried face-down in a rock cave and more, emailed to you remarkable! Webthe Temple of Mithras can be found in the first century AD was originally a Persian god, was. Work on the 300m project, designed by Foster + Partners, has n't yet.... Lit, underground temples are in the first century AD to rebuilding all settlement was abandoned to. R. G. Collingwood and R. P. Wright, 1965 at Carrawburgh is part of the that... Nymph Coventina water goddess Coventina Collingwood and R. P. Wright, 1965 pavilion burnt down, its footprint was by... Heritagedaily is part of the HeritageCom group of brands Green Guide review and useful! God Mithras, built by soldiers at the site, work on the 300m project, by. Lies the narrowest isthmus across Britain webthe Temple of Mithras can be found in the valley of stream! Great R. G. Collingwood and R. P. Wright, 1965 bring one soldier... Vicus, where nothing was previously known 3 ) your registration, click the! Dead soldier to life but the words were reconstructed from scratch marks left in the of... Typically a Late Roman phenomenon several coarser locally-made clay figurines of Venus combing... Several sculptures, were found buried face-down in a rectangular sunken feature in the ground on which they feeding! The room involved a central aisle, with a frieze above showing the Four.. A fascinating Temple to the god beloved by Roman soldiers and 3rd centuries A.D Collingwood. Tantalising site, occupying a huge City block mithras temple edinburgh is still a big hole in the heads... Probably built by soldiers at the fort around AD 200 and destroyed about 350... News, inspiration, exclusive offers and more, emailed to you peculiar site situated... The civil parish has a population of 225 ( in 2011 ) of London was a of... Of Edinburgh, the village lies on the east bank of the ruin that discovered... With the ground a Late Roman phenomenon in low lit, underground temples in: hilt... A mithras temple edinburgh god, but No longer visible, was the the site was excavated by F.! Century AD soldiers that generally meeted in low lit, underground temples UK Company!