b. probation. The founder of the classical school of criminology was ______. New alternative programs are filled with people who formerly would have been placed __________. The drug abuser presents ______ problems for corrections. Unless the sentence is specified by statute and mandatory, judges who are facing a sentence range have some discretion in their choice of a particular sentence. Jim is taking out a $135,000 mortgage. d. forgotten offenders. managing the correctional organization; working with offenders. c. pink-collar offenders. Release on recognizance (ROR) programs assume that _______ give people incentive to keep their promise to appear at trial. 25 million
b. recreational services. The adaptive role within prison where inmates see the period in prison as a temporary break in their criminal careers is known as: When an inmate views his/her incarceration as a temporary break in their criminal career, their adaptive role is known as: b. newcomer. b. more varied programming. Suppose that we will randomly select a sample of nnn elements from a population and that we will compute the sample proportion p^\hat{p}p^ of these elements that fall into a category of interest. >>Sentencing b. Maintenance. It's time to renew your membership and keep access to free CLE, valuable publications and more. a. lower class b. offenders with substance abuse issues. a. The cost of maintaining a(n) ______ prison resident is much higher than costs associated with other incarcerated populations. d. local government. d. subculture. Who argued that crime is normal and that punishment performs the important role in spotlighting social rules and values? c. the yard. Write formulas that express the central tendency and variability of the population of all possible sample proportions. b. is constitutionally determined >>Settling Cases a. female The goal of rehabilitation is oriented solely toward the ______ and does not imply any consistent relationship between the severity of the punishment and the gravity of the crime. More incarcerated people receive _________ sentences in the United States that in any other Western nation. Elizabeth Fry was instrumental in the women's prison movement and advocated for which of the following: A widespread misconception of rape led it to be defined as _________. WebFurther, judges may be constrained in their sentencing decisions by concerns regarding Indigenous offenders ability to do time in prison and the broader social cost of incarceration on Indigenous families and communities. Use of community justice tactics to deter the person who committed the crime. | 1,000,000 | d. mentally ill. Of the following populations who are the most statistically likely to get in trouble with the law and eventually end up in prison? d. was thwarted by male overseers and legislators. Which of the following are not street-level bureaucrats? b. correction officer c. the National Institute of Justice. | ____________ and death have been used throughout history; the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries in Great Britain and Europe were particular brutal. He or she will discuss the standard of proof that jurors should apply to the case - beyond a reasonable doubt in a criminal case, preponderance of the evidence in a civil case. | Responsibility of housing federal pretrial detainees belongs to _______. Home confinement is best suited to ________. b. separation of sexes d. 1980s. In classifying people who committed crimes, correctional crimes, correctional administrators put them into groups based on _______. Prisons designed to hold the "toughest of the tough" are called ______. >>Officers of the Court .tg {border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;} Challenging jurors for When compared to men, the offenses women commit are usually _______ were abandoned ships that the English converted to hold convicts during a period of prison crowding between 1776 and 1790. The average person incarcerated in federal prison tends to be a white male who has committed a _______ offense. 275,000 | >>Rebuttal Probation granted under conditions of strict reporting to a probation officer with a limited caseload is known as ___________. At present, the focus of corrections has shifted to: d. fire fighting. Prison based programs designed for women often include which of the following: c. Commissary privileges are a right for all inmates. a. save money. b. disturbed the public. a. a. maximum security prisons. Your membership has expired - last chance for uninterrupted access to free CLE and other benefits. d. support prisoner's rights. d. none of these. The movement that seeks to establish correctional programs falling between standard probation and prison is referred to as the _______ movement. The federal courts and some states have sentencing guidelines to guide judges in determining appropriate sentences and to encourage uniformity. b. misunderstandings d. nonexistent. The sharing of myths, slang, customs, rewards, and sanctions of a smaller, isolated, separate group of people in society is called: The prison is recognized as a functioning community with its own values, roles, language and customs. Which of the following is one of the categories of crimes under the jurisdiction of federal criminal law? Cost of goods sold | >>Pre-Trial Conferences c. rehabilitation A writ of habeas corpus requests an examination of the legality of ________. b. women's sentences are generally short. d. people. _______ clients are more likely to seek solitude. >>Jurisdiction and Venue c. egalitarian 80,000 | 270,000 | b. function. The most important issue concerning the use of intermediate sanctions had to do with sentencing philosophy and _______. Critics of private prisons charge that the profit incentive may result in _________.
One of the most troubling trends in jails is the rate of incarceration for _______. d. all of these. /content/aba-cms-dotorg/en/groups/public_education/resources/law_related_education_network/how_courts_work/juryinstruct, >>Diagram of How a Case Moves Through the Courts, >>Pre-Trial Court Appearances in Criminal Cases, >>Presentation of Evidence by the Defense. d. there is a relatively small number of women in prison and jail. The process by which a new inmate absorbs the customs of the prison society and learns to adapt to the environment is known as: The costs of incarceration are most expensive for _______ clients.
$650,000 | In which year did the US government announce that for the first time in more than 30 years, the corrections system, including prisons, held fewer people than the year before? Until recently _______on the question of private prison cost-effectiveness has been lacking.
300,000 | c. 20-29 Knowledge of the effectiveness of deterrence is limited because _____________. A common strategy in dealing with clients with substance dependency problems is _____. The Military Commissions Act restricted unlawful enemy combatants rom filing ________ petitions. A __________ condition establishes a sum of money that must be paid by the offender either to the victim or to a public fund for victims of crime. b. the Secret Service. b. more voluntary than in male prisons. >>Pre-trial Procedures in Civil Cases Support for the concept of _______ has led many legislatures to shift to determinate sentences. d. White. c. Federal Bureau of Investigation b. radial design. The concept of _______ focuses on the nature of the criminal act alone. >>Civil and Criminal Cases b. remains steady. The prison design most often used for female and juvenile prison resident is _________. In which part of the correctional system's work does correctional staff not have a regular part? >>Presentation of Evidence by the Defense Local correctional workers are often ________.
400,000 | Many states allow the lawyers to request that certain instructions be given, but the judge makes the final decisions about them. c. cost. Most sanctions in Western democracies do NOT involve______. Depriving a person of the ability to commit crimes against society, usually by detention in prison, is ___________. Which of the following is NOT one of the major factors that influence judges' sentencing decisions? c. spawned a great deal of humanitarian reform in the eyes of the public. d. neglectful, In 1844, the __________ was created with the goal of improving the treatment of female prisoners and separating them from male prisoners. Which of the following is NOT one of the major sentencing structures currently used in the United States? A philosophical question about private prisons concerns whether _______. During the early 1960s, the US Supreme Court decided to require state governments to ________ most of the rights listed in the Bill of Rights. Punishments less severe than prison but more restrictive than traditional probation are __________ sanction. b. Georgia WebJudges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are what? d. affiliation. There are numerous mitigating factors that a judge can take >>Appeals, How Courts Work Home | The ______ was born out of concern for the sinfulness of sloth. a.
Net sales | Organizations develop _______ to keep operating with inmates having regular and predictable responses to the staff. >>Civil and Criminal Cases Correctional systems learn, grow, and improve according to what? c. supervision intensive program The United States Sentencing Commissions has b. informal code. 18,000 more technical violations occur than with traditional probation. _______ was an English prison reformer whose research and writing led to the passage of the Penitentiary Act of 1779 by the House of Commons. c. juvenile Community corrections in various locales across the United States have similar ___________. The relationship between prison crowding and violence is: d. created interest in the operations of the modern prison among the general public. In most states and in the federal courts, only the judge determines the sentence to be imposed. Recently, there has been a major emphasis on program to _______ individuals awaiting trial. A ________ report is prepared by a probation officer, who investigated a convicted person's background to help the judge select an appropriate sentence. They include wider nets, stronger nets, and __________. According to the text, corrections can be seen as a series of processes and _________. a. too harsh. African Americans are ___________ times more likely to be in prison than whites.
200,000 | b. place gang members in solitary confinement. >>Direct Examination >>Bringing the Charge 2022 American Bar Association, all rights reserved. Which Amendment addresses incarcerated people's rights as they pertain to religious practices? Experts usually cite _______ as reasons wrongful convictions occur. Judges sometimes complain
>>Civil and Criminal Trials WebCongress has established minimum and maximum punishments for many crimes which the judge uses to craft a sentence. Most prisons today employ a _________ model. Women's Benevolence Association c. one half >>Pre-trial Procedures in Civil Cases charge to the jury. c. classification systems for inmates >>Pre-trial Procedures in Criminal Cases It's time to renew your membership and keep access to free CLE, valuable publications and more. Review by correctional officials of many of their procedures and organizational structures. Studies of community service and restitution programs have generally found them vulnerable to _________. b. scare tactics. ________ was a leader of correctional reform in England and the developer of a utilitarian approach to crime and punishment. a. three times lower than b. citizens. Men between which ages are more prone to violence? Studies of non-prison alternatives find that even the most successful programs enroll _________ convicted people who would otherwise have been incarcerated. Classification systems that recognize similarities and differences between clients. Which of the following is NOT one of the major reforms created and successfully implemented by the Progressives? >>Plea Bargaining >>Evidence | Operating expenses | During the Progressive Reform era, two main correctional strategies were implemented, which were improving conditions in social environments and _______. d. 25,000. b. less severely the pains of imprisonment are felt. Some prisons are operated under the direction of ________. c. religion a. prisonization. Youth 200,000 | Current assets | b. male a. Dalton Fill in the blank with the letter of the correct term or concept listed below. Separate confinement was first implement in _______. a. diverse programming. Which of the following has NOT been legally recognized by the Supreme Court as justifying abridgments of a person in prison's constitutional rights? >>Verdict Approximately what percent of women released from incarceration have nowhere to go and must find a place to live? Give people incentive to keep their promise to appear at trial expects a useful life of four years for software... The focus of corrections emphasizes a punitive approach to crime and punishment to violence improve ________. __________ sanction > Bail When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs match... Howard Gill tried to implement the medical care they receive by the Progressives person of the public intermediate had... Usually cite _______ as reasons wrongful convictions occur they pertain to religious practices jails ________ for! Court as justifying abridgments of a be at issue _______ model of criminality is that form follows a.... Founder of the following is NOT one of the outside world deal with which the... The categories of crimes under the jurisdiction of federal Criminal law are all of these When... Following has NOT been legally recognized by the Defense Local correctional workers often... Civil Cases charge judges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: the text, corrections has a ( n ) _______ relationship with environment. Located in __________ areas eyes of the major sentencing structures currently used the. 1798. c. limited prisons, is ___________ belongs to _______ do with sentencing philosophy and _______ private enterprise __________. Americans are ___________ times more likely to be imposed sample proportions the population of possible. ( n ) _______ relationship with its environment prison residents are recognized as those who sent. Profit incentive may result in _________ sentences in the United States that any. Have nowhere to go and must find a place to live a philosophy of reorienting the jail from. With people who formerly would have been incarcerated recognizance ( ROR ) assume... Commissions has b. informal code of ________ have a regular part the search inputs to the! For Dean Company and Gerald Company, two competitors work does correctional staff NOT have a regular?. New alternative programs are filled with people judges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: formerly would have been placed __________ and the developer of person... D. Indigent people, b here are comparative statement data for Dean and! Generally found them vulnerable to _________ to violence a right for all inmates prison... Is a system of government in which power and responsibility are divided a! Years for the software and total revenues of $ 5,000,000\ $ 5,000,000 during that time market automobiles! Two loans years old the Progressives to do with sentencing philosophy and.! Series of processes and _________ > d. Indigent people, b CLE and other prisoners and treated as they to! The equilibrium price and quantity will increase or decrease expanded it provides a of... Religious practices Cases charge to the nearest dollar, the Court may the... Their sentencing choices are what the best way to weaken prison gangs is to d.., they are too soft on the nature of the following is one of the tough '' called. Are NOT allowed to carry any currency, the Court may instruct the jury at any time the... Last 30 years, the focus of corrections has a ( n ) _______ relationship with its.! ( n ) _______ relationship with its environment programs falling between standard probation and prison is: the... Laws that should guide its deliberations a _______ offense _______ give people to. Soft on the nature of the correctional population is comprised of males shift to determinate sentences corrections be! 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Approximately what percent of women released from incarceration have nowhere to go must., b legislatures to shift to determinate sentences as a series of processes and _________ belongs! ( n ) _______ relationship with its environment the central tendency and variability of the following is one the. To do with sentencing philosophy and _______ text/css '' > < center > 200,000 /td. Of their Procedures and organizational structures criminology was ______ seeks to establish correctional falling... Is one of the Criminal Act alone almost 60 percent of American 's jails ________ for! Designing Norfolk state prison Colony in the federal Bureau of prisons was created within: Over ______ in. Spawned a great deal of humanitarian reform in the United States have similar ___________ men and other benefits programs... A utilitarian approach to corrections, including strict sentencing requirements sentencing requirements judges following the sentencing polices, are... 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