Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. One way to define test-suites in Karate is to have a JUnit class at a level above (in terms of folder hierarchy) all the *.feature files in your project. if you want to conditionally stop a test with a descriptive error message, e.g. There are two things that can happen to the returned value. You can re-use the function you create across your whole project. If you need the position of an element relative to the current viewport, you can pass an extra boolean argument set to true (false will return the absolute position) : 2 string arguments: locator and value to enter. In fact it may be a good idea to slip doubles instead of integers into some of your tests ! Karate supports JUnit 5 and the advantage is that you can have multiple methods in a test-class. Gherkin has a great way to sprinkle meta-data into test-scripts - which gives you some interesting options when running tests in bulk. We will discuss the Karate API, UI Automation, and g. If Chrome is not installed in the default location, you can pass a String argument like this: For more control or custom options, the start() method takes a Map argument where the following keys (all optional) are supported: Only supported for driver type chrome. Note the use of the JavaScript String.includes() function to do a text contains match for convenience. What we will do is intercept any request to a URL pattern *randomuser.me/* and fake a response. This build the communication between feature file and StepDefinition files. The special tag @report=false can be used, and it can even be used only for a single Scenario: In cases where you want to mask values which are sensitive from a security point of view from the output files, logs and HTML reports, you can implement the HttpLogModifier and tell Karate to use it via the configure keyword. Sometimes when dealing with very large numbers, the JS engine may mangle the number into scientific notation: This can be easily solved by using java.math.BigDecimal: Karate has a built-in HTML templating engine that can be used to insert additional custom HTML into the test-reports. Refer to the demos for another example: soap.feature. For driver type chrome, you can use the addOption key to pass command-line options that Chrome supports: For the WebDriver based driver types like chromedriver, geckodriver etc, you can use the webDriverSession configuration as per the W3C WebDriver spec: Only supported for driver type android | ios. Use this in case a submit() for the previous action is un-reliable, see the section on waitFor() instead of submit(). Step 3: Create a feature file and write a Scenario. or is the configured value a JSON object ? You could even have all the steps start with When and Karate wont care. Refer to the cats-java.feature demo for an example. return a pretty-printed, nicely indented string representation of the JSON value, also see: return a pretty-printed, nicely indented string representation of the XML value, also see: get the value of any Java system-property by name, useful for, returns a JSON array of integers (inclusive), the optional third argument must be a positive integer and defaults to 1, and if start < end the order of values is reversed, very rarely used - when needing to perform conditional removal of JSON keys or XML nodes. } Note: In Background section we put base URL and header details which are common for all scenarios. If you are looking for Cucumber hooks Karate does not support them, mainly because they depend on Java code, which goes against the Karate Way. Since it is internally implemented as a JavaScript function, you can mix calls to read() freely wherever JavaScript expressions are allowed: Tip: you can even use JS expressions to dynamically choose a file based on some condition: * def someConfig = read('my-config-' + someVariable + '.json'). Here are the few things you need to know. For more details check this link- Embedded Expression. When a button on this page is clicked, a request is made to https://api.randomuser.me/?nat=us - which returns some JSON data. Expressions follow the same short-cut rules as for waitUntil(). They are param, header, cookie, form field and multipart field. The Runner.Builder API has a dryRun() method to switch this on. You could always do this in two steps: As a convenience, embedded expressions are supported on the Right Hand Side of a match statement even for quoted string literals: And do note that in Karate 1.0 onwards, ES6 string-interpolation within backticks is supported: An alternative to embedded expressions (for JSON only) is to enclose the entire payload within parentheses - which tells Karate to evaluate it as pure JavaScript. // so now the txid_header would be a unique uuid for each request, // hard coded here, but also can be as dynamic as you want, // use the 'karate' helper to do a 'safe' get of a 'dynamic' variable, // the 'appId' variable here is expected to have been set via karate-config.js (bootstrap init) and will never change, # second HTTP call, to get a list of 'projects', # if foo is not defined, it will default to 42. Example: If the element is enabled and not disabled: Also see waitUntil() for an example of how to wait until an element is enabled or until any other element property becomes the target value. Karate is even able to ignore fields you choose - which is very useful when you want to handle server-side dynamically generated fields such as UUID-s, time-stamps, security-tokens and the like. Note that jbang itself is super-easy to install and there is even a Zero Install option. Below is a simple example that will compare a baseline image to a more recent latest image. Given the examples above, it has to be said that a best practice with Karate is to avoid JavaScript for loops as far as possible. For example: You can reset default settings by using the following short-cut: Since you can use configure any time within a test, you have control over which requests or steps you want to show / hide. Karate Robot is designed for desktop application testing, but since you can click on anything in the viewport, you can achieve what you may not be able to with other automation frameworks. A working example of calling a SOAP service can be found within the Karate project test-suite. One nice thing about the design of the Gherkin syntax is that script-steps are treated the same no matter whether they start with the keyword Given, And, When or Then. It is worth internalizing that during test-execution, it is upon the method keyword that the actual HTTP request is issued. In rare cases you may want to use a csv-file as-is and not auto-convert it to JSON. Finally, using karate.response.header(name) can be simpler to just get a header value string by name, and it will ignore-case for the name passed as the argument: You would normally only need to use the status keyword. And then you would use the built-in driver JS object for all other operations, combined with Karates match syntax for assertions where needed. Normally we recommend that you keep your re-usable features lightweight - by limiting them to just one Scenario. """, # note how we returned an array from the above when the condition was met, # and now we can use the results like normal. If you want to point to a real file, use the file: prefix. What this means is that you are free to use whatever makes sense for you. Variables set using def in the Background will be re-set before every Scenario. {}, """ We suggest that you have a folder hierarchy only one or two levels deep - where the folder names clearly identify which resource, entity or API is the web-service under test. Karate is an open-source framework for API Test automation that uses BDD style syntax, has a rich assertion library, built-in HTML reports. When re-running tests in development mode and when your test suite depends on say an Authorization header set by karate.callSingle(), you can cache the results locally to a file, which is very convenient when your auth token is valid for a period of a few minutes - which typically is the case. You are free to organize your files using regular Java package conventions. So the above could be re-written as follows: It is worth repeating that the above can be condensed into 2 lines. First, you can maintain a JSON map of your application locators. When expressing expected results (in JSON or XML) you can mark some fields to be ignored when the match (comparison) is performed. Karates callonce keyword behaves exactly like call but is guaranteed to execute only once. When using a browser-driver, a call in shared scope has to be used. And similarly - for specifying the HTTP proxy. Karate was based on Cucumber-JVM until version 0.8.0 but the parser and engine were re-written from scratch in 0.9.0 onwards. NodeJS is a pre-requisite and you can choose a folder (e.g. The Karate regression test-suite that runs in GitHub actions (effectively our CI) - includes another example, and you can find a good explanation here. Teams typically define complicated JSON (or XML) payloads in a file and then re-use this in multiple scripts. C# Backgroundworker,c#,backgroundworker,ui-automation,white-framework,C#,Backgroundworker,Ui Automation,White Framework,guiexcel"Button.Click"gui A very powerful variation of waitUntil() takes a full-fledged JavaScript function as the argument. # this can be a global re-usable function ! please replace RELEASE with the exact version of Karate you intend to use if applicable. Note that more builder methods are available from the Runner.Builder class such as reportDir() etc. The response is automatically available as a JSON, XML or String object depending on what the response contents are. You can also find a nice visual comparison and explanation here. right: 1496 Note how JS functions defined at run-time can be mixed with custom Java code to get things done. When you request a, like the above, but temporarily over-rides the settings to wait for a, frequently needed short-cut for waiting until a string appears - and this uses a string contains match for convenience, wait until a certain number of rows of tabular data is present, Simple, clean syntax that is well suited for people new to programming or test-automation, Cross-platform - with even the option to run as a programming-language, No need to learn complicated programming concepts such as callbacks, , You can even run tests in parallel across, Seamlessly mix API and UI tests within the same script, for example, Elegant syntax for typical web-automation challenges such as waiting for a, Comprehensive support for user-input types including, a handy reference that can give you ideas on how to structure your tests, provision a free port and use it to shape the, execute the command to start the target process, perform an HTTP health check to wait until we are ready to receive connections, VNC server exposed on port 5900 so that you can watch the browser in real-time. The dry run report is useful to review the tag coverage of what will be run. For Gradle, you simply specify the test which is to be include-d: The big drawback of the approach above is that you cannot run tests in parallel. Tech, Java, IT Project Manager. And if you need multiple functions, you can easily organize them into a single Java class with multiple static methods. If you really need to have an empty body, you can use an empty string as shown below, and you can force the right Content-Type header by using the header keyword. For tests that need to wait for slow pages or deal with un-predictable element load-times or state / visibility changes, Karate allows you to temporarily tweak the internal retry settings. You can see a demo video here. Bob,Wild The configure key here is report and it takes a JSON value. The Cucumber JSON format can be also emitted, which gives you plenty of options for generating pretty reports using third-party maven plugins. Dont forget that Karates data-driven testing capabilities can loop over arrays of JSON objects automatically. And this example may make it clear why using Karate itself to drive even your UI-tests may be a good idea. karate.appendTo(vals, y); All you need is available in the karate-core artifact. name: 'John', If you are trying to build dynamic URLs including query-string parameters in the form: http://myhost/some/path?foo=bar&search=true - please refer to the param keyword. Using locators in Karate UI Web Automation There are various ways we can locate an element in Karate. These examples (all exact matches) can make things more clear: Note that you can alternatively use JsonPath on the left-hand-side: But of course it is preferable to match whole objects in one step as far as possible. Only recommended for advanced users, but this guarantees a routine is run only once, even when running tests in parallel. Use it sparingly, and only for string, number or simple payload comparisons. if an API needs to be called to get a JSON array, you can call a separate Scenario to set up this data. Note that if you tag Examples like this, and if a tag selector is used when running a given Feature - only the Examples that match the tag selector will be executed. Note how Karates match syntax comes in handy. You can use the Visual Studio Karate entension for stepping through and debugging a test. In the feature below, the * print 'in setup' step will run only once. The set of built-in functions that start with wait handle all the cases you would need to typically worry about. It is worth taking a few minutes to go through the documentation and examples here: JsonPath Examples. Refer to the demo karate-config.js for an example and how the demo.server.port system-property is set-up in the test runner: TestBase.java. If you read from a file, the advantage is that multiple scripts can re-use the same data. The documentation on how to run tests via the command line has an example of how to use tags to decide which tests to not run (or ignore). Here is an example: You can see the structure of the data here: kittens.json. A Karate test script has the file extension .feature which is the standard followed by Cucumber. lastUpdated: { on: "#ignore" }, It is worth mentioning that to do the equivalent of the last line in Java, you would typically have to traverse 2 Java Objects, one of which is within a list, and you would have to check for nulls as well. This can be easily achieved with the following tweak to your maven section. But this approach doesnt work when you have to deal with data-entry and fields. As a convenience, cookies from the previous response are collected and passed as-is as part of the next HTTP request. Within that folder, you can run: Now create a file called playwright/server.js with the following code: The main thing here is that the server URL should be logged to the console when it starts. These are essential HTTP operations, they focus on setting one (un-named or key-less) value at a time and therefore dont need an = sign in the syntax. What is Karate DSL? One thing you need to get used to is the separation between the code that is evaluated by Karate and the JavaScript that is sent to the browser (as a raw string) and evaluated. After run TestRunner class, we can see Junit console report. It returns the Element representation of whichever element was found first, so that you can perform conditional logic to handle accordingly. Instead of using call (or callonce) you are always free to call JavaScript functions normally and then you can use more than one argument. This is typically combined with multipart file as shown below. Also refer to the eval keyword for a simpler way to execute arbitrary JavaScript that can be useful in some situations. When you use Karate, all your data assertions can be done in pure JSON and without needing a thick forest of companion Java objects. This is typically used for the first element you need to interact with on a freshly loaded page. Karate has a very useful payload templating approach. This example actually calls into existing Java code, and being able to do this opens up a whole lot of possibilities. You can skip this section and jump straight to the Syntax Guide if you are in a hurry to get started with Karate. This will fail the test if the element does not appear after the configured number of re-tries have been attempted. And any variables which are alive in the context can be used in this expression. An image comparison UI will also be embedded into the Karate HTML report with detailed information about any differences between the two images. This will return all elements that match the locator as a list of Element instances. Note how the fake response.json is tiny compared to the real JSON, because we know that only a few data-elements are needed for the UI to work in this case. Add the plugin to the / section of your pom.xml if not already present: If you want to use JUnit 4, use the karate-junit4 Maven dependency instead of karate-junit5. the NOT operator e.g. Note that the API call (or the routine that gets the required data) can be made to run only once for the whole test-suite using karate.callSingle(). It is based on Cucumber and uses the Gherkin Syntax. As a convenience, you can call a tag directly, which is a short-cut to call another Scenario within the same feature file. But this totally makes sense for things not part of the main test flow and which typically need to be re-usable anyway. This means that you can have the below snippet activate only for your CI build, and you can leave your feature files set to point to what you would use in dev-local mode. And match (name) contains is how you can do so: Note that match contains will not recurse any nested JSON chunks so use match contains deep instead. The limitation of the Cucumber Scenario Outline: (seen above) is that the number of rows in the Examples: is fixed. Notice that in the above example, string values within the table need to be enclosed in quotes. On the other hand, if you are expecting a variable in the Background to be modified by one Scenario so that later ones can see the updated value - that is not how you should think of them, and you should combine your flow into one scenario. The following short-cut is also supported which will disable all logs: When you use a re-usable feature that has commonly used utilities, you may want to hide this completely from the HTML reports. And the start() method will be invoked as soon as any Scenario requests for a web-browser instance (for the first time) via the driver keyword. This example is for Windows, and you can provide the app, appArguments and other parameters expected by the WinAppDriver via the webDriverSession. The built-in karate object is explained in detail later, but for now, note that this is also injected into print (and even assert) statements, and it has a helpful pretty method, that takes a JSON argument and a prettyXml method that deals with XML. Can happen to the syntax Guide if you are free to use if applicable keyword behaves exactly like call is. To organize your files using regular Java package conventions only once, even when running tests parallel. Contents are function to do this opens up a whole lot of possibilities ; all you need be... In Karate UI Web automation there are various ways we can see the structure of the Cucumber JSON format be. 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